psych test1

school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experiences into basic elements

school of psychology concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their enviornments

physical organincased in the head something we can touch and feel

tangible we cant touch it it controls our feelings and thoughts

school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt behavior

a freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconcious conflicts

has training in psychiatry treats mental disorders

gets PHD training only in psychology treats depression

an approach to psychology that focuses on human experience problems, potentials, and ideas

a stimulus innately capable of producing response

evokes a response bc it has been repetedly paired with an unconditioned stumulous

logical explanation for all of the relavant data or facts scientists have observed regarding natural phenominon

statement proposing the existence of a relationship b/t the variables

method of research that involves in-depth study of one or more subjects who are examined individually

selected segment of a larger population that is being studied in psycological research

sample in which critical subgroups are represented according to their incidence in the larger population that the researcher is studying

an unbased person or group is selected for survey data and may be obtained in 2 major ways: orally(face2face or phone) or written form(paper and pencil questionaire)

where researchers observe subject as they go about their usual activities or in a natural setting such as their home

when a observer reads too much into the situation than is actually there or they see what they want to see

subjects behavior may be affected or changed bc they are aware that someone is watching them

research method that uses statistical techniques to determine the degree of relationship bt variables

• statistic used to describe the amount and type of relationship bt 2 or more variables.
• (pos. cor. variables vary together in the same direction. neg. cor. the opposite)

subj. are confronted with specific stimuli under precisely controlled conditions that allow their reactions to be reliably measured

a condition or factor the experimenter manipulates

the behavior that results from manipulation of an independent variable that is measured and recorded

a group that are exposed to diff. varieties of ind. variables so that the resulting behavior can be compared

group wh receive all the same conditions of the exp. group except for the key factor (indep. variable) the researcher is evaluating

mathematical methods for describing and interpreting data

mathematical and graphical methods for reducing data to a form that can be readily understood

process of using mathematical procedures to draw conclusions about the meaning of research data

avg. of all scores, add all scores and divide by the total # of scores

score that is in the middle of the #'s that are arranged form lowest to highest

the # that appears most often

how much each indiv. score disappears from the avg. (mean)

the diff. bt the highest and lowest score

the %'s of scores that fall below a particular score

where the scores are distributed similar on both sides of the middle value so they have and appearance of a bell shaped curve when graphed

research reults where changes in the depen. variable can be attrubuted with a high level of confidence to the experimental condition being manipulated by the researcher

the hypothalamus(the point where the optic tracts from each eye intersect) is and important neural structure that functions as a biological clock.

(rapid eye movement) state of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and often associated with sleep

when we have went trough all 4 stages of the sleep cycle

• -light sleep that occurs just after dozing off
• -characterized by brain waves called theta waves (low amptidude brain waves)

• -drift off into a deeper sleep after stage 1
• -brief bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles
• -k complex (low frequency high amptitude wave occurs to a response such as a voice)

• -30 to 45 min after falling asleep the cycle progresses into an even deeper level of sleep
• -high amptitude brain waves

• -deepest level of sleep
• -difficult to arouse someone in this stage
• -virtually no eye movement
• -delta waves

• pathway of neurons that originates in the medula and extends to the cortex
• (part of the brain that makes us awake)

• seritonin containing nuerons that extends throughout a large part of our brain
• -suppresses the RAS
• -becomes most active at the time of sleep onset

acetycholine and norepineephrine

neurons originating in the basal forebrain, activate cortical structures that are essential to ongoing behavior and thought processes

the primary neurotransmitter of RAS

• -to conserve energy
• -to avoid predation
• -for restoration
• -for memory

the true meaning that occurs in symbolism

• manifest content-dreams we remember
• latent content- actual hidden meaning of our dreams

• -insomnia
• -sleep apnea
• -narcolepsy
• -nightmares
• -night terrors
• -sleep walking
• -sleep talking

state of altered consciousness characterized by a deep relaxation and detachment as well as heightened suggestibility to hypnotists directives

• -athletic ability
• -relief of physical ailments
• -pain relief
• -memory enhancement
• -posthypnotic suggestion- people preform a variety of diff actions then return to normal conciousness