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Name all the bones in the foot.
- Talaus
- Calcaneous
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cuneiforms (1 medial, 2 intermediate,3 lateral)
- Metatarsals (1-5)
- Proximal phalanges (1-5)
- Middle Phalanges (2-5)
- Distal phalanges (1-5)
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What if the flow of arteries in dorsal portion the foot starting with Anterior Tibial Artery?
- - Anterior tibial artery
- - Medial & lateral malleolar arteries branches
- - Anterior Tibial Turns into Dorsals Pedis after it crosses the ankle
- - Arcuate Artery branches from Dorsals pedis and gives off Metatarsal arteries which then give off phalangeal arteries (digital arteries)
- - Deep plantar artery branches from Dorsals Pedis which goes to the bottom of the foot and gives off Deep plantar arterial arch
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What does the medial branch of the deep fibular nerve innervate?
It innervates the 1st web space for cutaneous sensation.
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What does the lateral branch of the deep fibular branch innervate?
It innervates the intrinsic muscles of the dorsal foot (extensor hallucis braves an extensor digitorum brevis)
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What innervates the skin of the dorsal foot?
Superficial fibular nerve
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What are the intrinsic muscles of the dorsal portion of the foot?
Extensor Digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis.
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What is the origin and Insertion of Extensor Digitorum brevis?
- O: Superior lateral surface of the calcareous
- I: tendons of extensor digitorum longs of digits 2, 3, and 4
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What is the action and innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
- A: Extension of MP, IP joints of digits 2, 3, & 4
- N: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
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What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
- O: Superior lateral surface of the Calcaneous
- I: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
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What is the action and innervation of Extensor hallucis brevis?
- A: Extension of the MP joint on the great toe
- I: deep fibular nerve
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How many layers of muscle are on the plantar portion of the foot?
4 layers of muscles
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How many layers of neurvascular are there?
2 layers
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What do the muscles of the plantar portion on the foot do?
They are muscles of fine movement so they help us stand and adjust on uneven ground.
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What is the skin like on the plantar surface of the foot?
It is very thick on most parts of the foot and it is bound to the fascia below it.
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What is the deep fascia in the foot called?
Plantar fascia and the central part is called the plantar aponeurosis
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What is attached to the calcaneous and has 5 separate slips that run to the fibrous digital sheaths on each toe?
Plantar Aponeurosis
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What is the common action, nerve, and blood supply of the plantar foot?
- Common Action: Plantar flex the foot
- Common Nerve: Medial & Lateral Plantar nerve (S2,S3) [flexor hallucis brevis (S1,S2)
- Common Blood supply: medial & lateral plantar arteries/veins from Posterior tibial artery
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What are the muscle of layer 1 in the plantar portion of foot?
- Abductor Hallucis
- Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- Abductor Digiti Mnimi
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What are the muscles of the 2nd plantar layer?
- Quadratus Plantae
- Lumbricals
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What are the muscles of the 3rd plantar layer?
- Flexor Hallucis brevis
- Adductor hallucis
- Flexor digiti minimi
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What are the muscles of the 4th plantar layer?
- Plantar interossei (3)
- Dorsal interossei (4)
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Name the origin and insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis
- O:Superior lateral surface of the calcaneous
- I: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
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What is the action and innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis
- A: Extension at the MP joint of digit 1 (great toe)
- N: deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
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Name the origin, insertion, action, an innervation of Abductor hallucis
- O: medial process of calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
- I: medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe
- A: Abduction, flexion of MP joint of great toe
- : supports medial longitudinal arch
- N: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
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Name Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve of Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- O: medial process of calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
- I: splits and attaches to both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- A: MP, PIP flexion of digits 2-5
- N: Medial Plantar nerve (S2, S3)
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Name Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve of Abductor Digiti Minimi
- O: Medial and lateral process of calcaneous
- : plantar aponeurosis
- : intermuscular septa
- I: lateral side of base of phalanx of digit 5
- A: Abducts, Flexes MP joint of digit 5
- : Support the lateral longitudinal arch
- N: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)
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Name Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve of Quadrates Plantae
- O: medial, lateral heads from medial, lateral parts of calcaneous
- I: lateral aspect of Flexor digitorum longus
- A: changes pull of FDL
- : assists in flexion of digits 2-5
- N: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
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Name Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve of lumbricals
- O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
- I: Medial side of bases of proximal phalanges on digits 2-5, extensor expansion 2-5
- A: flex MP, extend IP joints of digits 2-5, extensor expansion 2-5
- N: 1st medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- : 2nd- 4th lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
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Anything that attaches into the Extensor expansion from the plantar side will...
flex the MP joints and extend the IP joints on digits 2-5
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Anything that attaches into the Extensor expansion from the dorsal side will...
extend the MP and IP joints on digits 2-5
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The deep plantar arterial arch is located within which layer of the plantar foot?
2nd layer
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The deep plantar arterial arch branches off what in the plantar foot?
branches off numerous metatarsal and digital branches in the plantar foot
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The deep plantar arterial arch if formed by which arteries?
the lateral plantar artery and deep plantar artery
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