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What are the two types of amyloid?
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AL amyloid is derived from the __________________ and formed by _________________
- Light chains of Igs
- Neoplastic B cells
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AA amyloid is derived from the __________________ and formed in response to __________________, _____________________, ___________________, or __________________
- Liver
- Infections
- Inflammations
- Neoplasms
- IV drug abuse
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How do organs with amyloidosis look?
Waxy, pale, and enlarged
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Deposits of amyloid in blood vessels have what effect?
Changes their permeability
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Deposits of amyloid in the heart have what effect?
Weakens contractions and causes pressure atrophy
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Deposits of amyloid in the spleen have what effect?
Causes splenomegaly
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Deposits of amyloid in the brain have what effect?
Impairs neural cell function and contributes to dementia
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Deposits of amyloid in the kidneys have what effect?
Renal disease
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_______________ is the most common death due to amyloidosis
Renal disease
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Deposits of amyloid in the liver have what effect?
Hepatomegaly
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Deposits of amyloid in the GI tract have what effect?
Enlargement of tongue, diarrhea, or constipation
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Amyloidosis can either be ______________ or _______________
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Diagnosis of amyloidosis ultimately rests on the _______________ of biopsy specimens
Histology
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What is the usual prognosis for amyloidosis?
Death
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Amyloid is readily demonstrated in ________________ and ________________ biopsies
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Amyloid biopsies must be evaluated with ________________ stain because….
- Congo Red
- Stains amyloid and apple green color under polarized light
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________________ is the deposition of either AL or AA amyloid in the glomeruli, interstitium, vessels, and tubules of the kidney
Amyloid nephropathy
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The pathology of amyloid nephropathy relates to the deposition of amyloid in the ________________ and later into the capillary walls of the glomerulus, resulting in large ________________ pale spheres
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