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What is a Variable?
- A location to store information
- Example: age = 23
- the Integer 23 is stored in the Variable age
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How is a Variable name?
Variable names can contain only letters, numbers, and underscores. They can start with a letter or an underscore, but not with a number. For instance, you can call a variable message_1 but not 1_message.
Spaces are not allowed in variable names, but underscores can be used to separate words in variable names. For example, greeting message works, but greeting message will cause errors.
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What are the different data types?
- String (Example: “Joey Marley”)
- Numbers (Intergers and Floats)
- Complex numbers (2 + 3j)
- Boolean (True or False)
- Built-in Functions (numerous)
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What is the order of calculation in Programming?
PEMDAS
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What is an Escape Sequence?
- A character that allows the following element to not follow a set rule
- Example: string = ‘I don\’t love Mondays.’
- Example of Escape Sequences
- \n and \t
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What is a traceback?
A record of where the interpreter ran into trouble when trying to execute your code.
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How do you Capitalize a string element?
- string = “jOeY mArLeY”
- >>>print(string.title())
- >>>“Joey Marley”
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How do you change the case (uppercase, lowercase) of a string element?
- Uppercase: upper()
- string = “jOeY mArLeY”
- >>>print(string.upper())
- >>>“JOEY MARLEY”
- Lowercase: lower()
- string = “jOeY mArLeY”
- >>>print(string.lower())
- >>>“joey marley”
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What is a Comment ( # ) in coding?
- Notes left within the code the are not processed
- Left as reminder/explanations for the code
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What is a List?
- A list is a collection of items in a particular order.
- In Python, square brackets ([]) indicate a list, and individual elements in the list are separated by commas.
- Items in the List are indexed starting from zero (0, 1, 2, 3) and left to right.
- Example:
- list = [‘car’, ‘boat’, ‘plane’, ‘train’]
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How do you select an item in a List?
- list = [‘car’, ‘boat’, ‘plane’, ‘train’]
- >>>print(list[1])
- >>>boat
- >>>print(list[0])
- >>>car
- Negative numbers start from the end of the list (-1, -2, -3, -4) / no zero
- >>>print(list[-1])
- >>>train
- >>>print(list[-2]
- >>>plane
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How do you change/replace an item in a list?
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
- list[1] = ‘toyota’
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘honda’, ‘toyota’, “suzuki’]
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How can you add an item to a list? append() method
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
- append(‘ducati’)
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘ducati’]
- The append() method adds the item to the end of the list
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How can you insert an item into a list at a specific location? insert() method
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
- insert(0, ‘ducati’)
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘ducati’, ‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
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How can you remove an item from a list at a specific location? del method
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
- del list[0]
- >>>print(list)
- [‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
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How can an item be removed from a list and still be used? pop.() method
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
- popped_item = list.pop()
- >>>print(list)
- [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’]
- >>>print(popped_item)
- >>>’suzuki’
- If not defined, the pop() method will remove the last item from the list (see above)
- popped_item = list.pop(1)
- >>>print(list)
- [‘honda’, ‘suzuki’]
- >>>print(popped_item)
- >>>’yamaha’
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How can an item be removed from a list without an index number? remove() method
- list = [‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘ducati’]
- remove(‘ducati’)
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
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How can a list be sorted alphabetically? sort() method
- list = [‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- sort()
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’]
- list cannot be reverted to its original order after the sort() method is used
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How can a list order be reversed alphabetically? sort(reverse=True)
- list = [‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- list.sort(reverse=True)
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘d’, ‘c’, ‘b’, ‘a’]
- list cannot be reverted to its original order after reverse sorting
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How can list be sorted temporarily? Sorted() method
- list = [‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- >>>print(sorted(list))
- >>>[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’]
- >>> print(list)
- >>>[‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- Temporary sorting can also be reversed
- >>>print(sorted(list, reverse=True))
- >>>[‘d’, ‘c’, ‘b’, ‘a’]
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
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How can a list order be reversed permanently? reverse() method
- list = [‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- list.reverse()
- >>>print(list)
- >>>[‘c’, ‘a’, ‘d’, ‘b’]
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How can you determine the length of a list? len() method
- list = [‘b’, ‘d’, ‘a’, ‘c’]
- >>>print(len(list))
- >>>4
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