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What are the 3 major components of a system?
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What does the term "black box" mean?
You may not have understood what each system did inside the box, except that it worked in some way to produce a certain outcome.
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What are complex systems made up of?
Subsystems
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The components of an EMS system were originally specified in which act?
The Emergency Medical Services Systems (EMSS) Act of 1973
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What are some differences between EMS & Public Health
- EMS: Individuals, curative, diagnosis
- Public Health: Community, preventative, assessment
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What are the 15 components of an EMS system?
- Manpower
- Training of Personnel
- Communication
- Critical Care Units
- Use of Public Safe Agencies
- Transportation
- Mutual Aid Agreements
- Facilities
- Accessibility of Care
- Transfer of Patients
- Standard Medical Record Keeping
- Independent Review and Evaluation
- Consumer Info. and Ed.
- Consumer Participation
- Disaster Linkage
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When was the EMS Agenda for the Future presented?
1996
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What is the purpose of EMS?
To treat the right people, at the right time, at the the right place.
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What were 3 major discoveries in the Pre-industrial Era?
- 1. Resuscitation
- 2. Anesthesia
- 3. Transportation
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When was the Pre-Industrial Era?
1600-1850
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When was penicillin discovered?
1930's
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Where was hospital care done in the Pre-Industrial Era?
Homes by family, Alms houses, City dispensaries
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Who first did mouth-to-mouth, and when?
Tassach in 1732
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When was the formation of Dutch rescue societies?
1767
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When was the Philadelphia rescue society created?
1780
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When was the use of Ether?
1842.
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When and where was the first General Anesthesia?
1846 in Mass Gen Hospital
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Who and when were surgical techniques announced?
1870 by Lister
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When was the Industrial Era?
1850-1970
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What was the new life expectancy age in the Industrial area?
It went from 38 y/o to 71.
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What developed in the Industrial Era?
- Immigration
- Industrialization
- Improved communication and transportation
- Government healthcare
- Surgical advances
- Reliant physicians and hospitals
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Cause of death went from ______ to _______.
Infection; Cardiovascular disease and Cancer
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Where was the first rescue squad?
Roanoke, VA in 1928
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What did WWI bring to EMS?
Increased lethality, international Red Cross, motor ambulance
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What did the Korean Conflict bring to EMS?
MASH, forward based treatment hospital, helicopter evacuation
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What did WWII bring to EMS?
Soldier medics, pain control/fluid replacement, delayed evacuation
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What did the Vietnam War bring to EMS?
Use of helicopters, multi-level field hospital system, aircraft transfer to out-of-theater hospital
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Who started cardiac care and when?
Peter Safar in 1960
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Where was the external cardiac massage started?
Johns Hopkins Hospital
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When was Medicare and Medicaid started?
1965
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When was the first pre-hospital transport system?
1792
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Who was Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey?
- Chief physicians Napoleon's Army
- Started triage
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During what era was the Pre-Hospital Transport System started?
Pre-Industrial Era
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What was increasing in the Industrial Era?
Accidental Deaths
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What era was First Aid training first starting?
Industrial Era
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Where was the Red Cross started?
Mining towns of Pennsylvania
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When did the Red Cross release it's first textbook?
1910
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What was a Resuscitator call?
- They administered oxygen with portable units.
- Known as a resuscitator run
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When were uniform traffic codes put in place?
1920's
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What was the first federal EMS legislation?
National Highway Safety Act of 1966
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When was the Modern Era?
1970 - Present
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