chapter 10 airway management

when oxygen doesnt get to the brain, it can begin to die with in __ to __ minutes

inhalation is when oxygen moves from the _____ to the ____

process in which the oxygen crosses the alveolar and attaches to the hemoglobin

____ cells carry hemoglobin

carbon leaves the body thru ____

process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:

these structures make up the _____
-nose
-mouth
-jaw
-oral cavity
-pharynx
-larynx

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:

main functions of the upper airway is to ____,____ and ____ the air as it enters the body

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:

nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx make up the _____

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:nasopharynx

lined with ___ ____ ____ that filters out dust and small particles

Anatomy of the Upper Airway: oropharynx

contains the _______ which helps prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:larynx 

form by many independents ____ structures

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:larynx

divides the ____ and ____ airways

Anatomy of the Upper Airway: 

known as the adams apple

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:

forms the lowest portion of the larynx

Anatomy of the Upper Airway:

narrowest part of an adults airway

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

function of the lower airway is to deliver oxygen to ____

Anatomy of the lower Airway: trachea

conduit for air entry in to the

Anatomy of the lower Airway: trachea

located in the ____ cavity

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

bronchioles are made up of ____ muscle
-dialates and contract as oxygen passes through them

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

bronchioles connect to the smaller _____

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

oxygen and carbon are exchanged in the

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

alveoli are surrounded by ______

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

the ___ is the area between the lungs which contain
-heart
-great vessels
-trachea
-major bronchi

Anatomy of the lower Airway:

phrenic nerve is located in the thorax and allows the ___ to contract, necessary for breathing

ventilation:

not all all inspired air reaches the ____

ventilation:

average tidal volume is ____mL

ventilation:

amount of air that is moved into or out of the lung in a single breath

ventilation:

amount of air that doesnt reach the alveoli

ventilation:

failure to meet bodys needs for oxygen maye result in ___

ventilation:
 COPD patients always have higher levels of

ventilation:

the drive to breath is base on the bodies ____

ventilation:

tissues that are more ____ get more oxygen from RBC

ventilation:

tissues that are more ____ get less oxygen from RBC

what percent of air in nitrogen

what percent of air is oxygen

ventilation:

inhaltion is a ____ process

ventilation:

exhalation is a _____ process

ventilation:

inhaling creates a ____ pressure

ventilation:

exhaling creates a ____ pressure

oxygenation:

process of loading oxygen molecules into the hemoglobin

respiration:

____ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung

respiration:

_____ exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and the circulatory system

respiration:

cardiac irritability occurs how many mins are no oxygen

respiration:

brain damage is not likely after how many mins are no oxygen

respiration:

brain damage is possible after how many mins are no oxygen

respiration:

brain damage is very likely after how many mins are no oxygen

respiration:

irreversible brain damage occurs after how many mins are no oxygen

respiration:

when adequate amount of oxygen is in the body, cells convert glucose into energy thru what kind of metabolism

respiration:

when insufficient oxygen is in the body, cells run off of what metabolism

which receptors monitor levels of:
-oxygen
-carbon dioxide
-hydrogen levels
-pH of cerebrospinal fluid

ventilation/perfusion mismatch:

ventilation and perfusion must be ____

ventilation/perfusion mismatch:

a failure to match _____ and ____ is the cause of most abnormalities of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

ventilation/perfusion mismatch:

when there is a mismatch ____ ____ is not able to diffuse from blood to lungs

____ respirations have an irregular or unidentifiable pattern and may follow serious head injury

______ respirations are deep,rapid, commonly seen in patients with metabolic acidosis

patients with ______ breathing need to treated immidiately

pulse oximeter:

what does a pulse oximeter measure?

pulse oximeter:

spo2 should be ___% to ___%while breathing normal room air

pulse oximeter:

although no normal values exsist, an spo2 of less than ____% in a nonsmoker can indicate hypoemia

pulse oximeter:

how long does it take for pulse oximeter to reflect changes

opening the airway:

adequate breathing means you also have an adequate airway
true/false
True False

opening the airway:

most effective position for opening the airway is the ______ position

opening the airway:

if patient is found in the prone position you should reposition the patient in the supine position by _____

opening the airway:

the most common airway obstruction is the ____ in unconscious patients

opening the mouth:

for patients who have not sustained spinal trauma you can use the _____ ____ ___ ____to open the airway

opening the mouth:

patients with suspected spinal injury you should use the ___ ___ to open the airway

opening the mouth:

chest movement alone doesnt indicate that the breathing is adequate
true/false
True False

suctioning:

if you hear gurgling, the patient needs ____

suctioning:

if the airway is not clear, you will force secretions and fluids into the _____

suctioning:

A ____ ____ unit must provide enough vacuum pressure and flow to allow you to suction the mouth and nose effectively

suctioning:

A __ ___ unit should generate airflow of more than 40L/min and a vacuum of more than ____mm Hg when the tubing is clamped

suctioning:

____ and ___ should be fitted with the following
-Wide-bore, thick-walled, nonkinking tubing
-Plastic, rigid pharyngeal suction tips, called tonsil tips or Yankauer tips
-Nonrigid plastic catheters, called French or whistle-tip catheters
-A nonbreakable, disposable collection bottle
-Water supply for rinsing the tips

suctioning:

a hollow,cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the airway

suctioning:

best kind of catheter for children and infants is

suctioning:

soft plastic, non rigid catheters are called

suctioning:

before inserting a catheter ensure proper ____

suctioning:

never suction more than ___ secs on adults

suctioning:

never suction more than ___ secs for children

suctioning:

never suction more than ___ secs for infants

suctioning:

repeat suctioning only after the patient has been adequately ____ and ____

suctioning:

some secretions are to large to be suctions, in these case you should_____

suctioning:

if a patient who requires assisted ventilations produces frothy secretions as quickly as you can suction them. you should____

airway adjunctions: 

a _____ ____ prevents obstruction of the upper airway  and allows for passage of air and oxygen to the lungs

airway adjunctions: 

the ____ ____: 
-keeps the tongue from blocking the upper airway
-makes it easier to suction the oropharynx if necessary

airway adjunctions: 

____ is used on unconscious patients without a gag reflex

airway adjunctions: 

___ reflex is a protective reflex that keeps food from entering the airway

airway adjunctions:

the following are some things to consider when using the _____ _____

-good way to help maintain the airway of a spinal injury patient.
-may make the head tilt–chin lift and jaw-thrust maneuvers easier to perform.
-if too large could push the tongue back into the pharynx, blocking the airway.
-if too small could block the airway directly, like any foreign body obstruction.

airway adjunctions:

use a nasopharyngeal airway on a patient that_____

airway adjunctions:

consult medical control before inserting a nasopharyngeal airway on a patient who has sustained _____

maintaining the airway:

The _____ position is used to help maintain a clear airway in an unconscious patient who is not injured and is breathing on his or her own with a normal

maintaining the airway:

the recovery position is not for patients who have suspected ____ ____ or ____ injuries

supplemental oxygen:

aluminum oxygen cylinders are test every ____ years

supplemental oxygen:

composite cylinders are tested every ___ years

supplemental oxygen:

____ and ___ cylinders are used most often
___ cylinder remains on board the unit as a main supply tank

supplemental oxygen:

an alternative to compressed gas is ___ ____

supplemental oxygen:

___ ___ system prevents the wrong regulator being accidentally used on a different cylinder

supplemental oxygen:

pressure regulators ___ the cylinders pressure to a therapeutic range for the patient

supplemental oxygen:

regulators reduce the cylinder PSI to ___ to ___ PSI

supplemental oxygen:

never leave an ____ ____ standing unattended

supplemental oxygen:

_____ ____ refers to damage to cells due to excessive oxygen levels in the blood

supplemental oxygen:

patients experiencing ___ should be placed on oxygen

supplemental oxygen:

when in doubt, or if unable to measure oxygen saturation reliably, supplemental oxygen should be administered.
true/false
True False

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

what is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting?

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

when using a nonrebreathing mask make sure the ___ is full before placing the mask on the patient

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

adjust the flow rate on a nonrebreathing mask to ___L/min

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

____ deliver oxygen thru two small tubelike prongs that fit into the patients nostrils

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

nasal cannulas can provide ____% to ___% inspired oxygen whem the flow meter is set at ___ to___l/min

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

for patient comfort flow rates above ___L/min are not recommended when using nasal cannulas

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

if long transport time is anticipated, consider using ______

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

___ ___ ___ enriches the air mixture so that patients receive ___% to ___% oxygen

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

to convert a nonrebreather mask to a partial mask remove the ___ ___ ___ and the reservoir bag

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

_____ masks are medium flow devices that deliver ____% to ___ % of oxygen

Oxygen-Delivery Equipment:

_____ masks cover the hole on the neck and have a securing strap

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:BVM

____ the bag everytime the patient breaths

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:BVM

after __ to ___ breaths deliver an appropriate tidal volume

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:



In normal breathing, the diaphragm contracts and _____ pressure is generated in the chest cavity, which sucks air into the chest.

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

______-pressure ventilation generated by a device forces air into the chest cavity.

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

_______ rates (for apneic patients with a pulse)
Adult: 1 breath per 5–6 seconds
Child: 1 breath per 3–5 seconds
Infant: 1 breath per 3–5 seconds

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

the gas you exhale contains ___% of oxygen

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

to increase oxygen concentration administer ____-flow oxygen at 15L/min

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

who has the tidal volume of 1200-1600ml

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

who has the tidal volume of 50-700ml

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

who has the tidal volume of 150-240ml

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

if you have difficulty ventilating with a BMV you should____

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

when using a BVM the amount of volume you pump into the patient should be based on

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

_____ ____ occurs when ventilation fill the stomach with air

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

___ ___ ventilation devices allow a single rescuer to use both hands while also providing positive pressure ventilation

Assisted and Artificial Ventilation:

manually triggered ventilation has a peak flow rate of ____% oxygen at up to ____L/min

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP):

A _____ increases pressure in the lungs, opens collapsed alveoli, pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP):

CPAP can cause a drop in a patients cardiac output
true/false
True False

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP):
if you see these signs you should use a ____

-The patient is alert and able to follow commands.
-The patient displays obvious signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress
-The patient is breathing rapidly, such that it affects overall minute volume (greater than 26 breaths/min).
-The pulse oximetry reading is less than 90%.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP):

a pressure of 7-10 cm H2O is an acceptable therapeutic range
true/false
True False

stomas:

if a patient has a stoma you should use what size mask on your BVM