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The scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure
Anatomy
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Scientific investigation of the function of living things. How bones change over time, grow, or response to injury?
Physiology
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Organization of the human body.
- 1. atoms
- 2. molecules
- 3. organelles
- 4. cells
- 5. tissues
- 6. organs
- 7. organ system
- 8. organism
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Organ system that provides protection, regulates temp, prevents water loss. Consists of hair, skin, nails, and sweat glands
Integumentary
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Organ system that provides protection and support. Allows body movements, produces blood cells. Consists of bones, ligaments, and joints
Skeletal System
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Organ system that produces movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
Muscular System
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Organ system that removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue and fluid balance. Immunity!
Lymphatic system
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Organ system that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide b/wn the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Respiratory system
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Organ system that performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines
Digestive System
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Organ system that is a major regulatory system that detects sensation and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Nervous System
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Organ system that is a major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction. Consists of pituitary glands that secrete hormones.
Endocrine System
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Organ system that transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body. Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood
Cardiovascular System
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Organ system that removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of kidneys, urinary bladder
Urinary System
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Condition in which there are specific relationships and functions
Organization
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all chemical reactions in the body
metabolism
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increase in size and/or # of cells
growth
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changes in an organism over time
development
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change in an organism from general to specific
differentiation
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change in a organism in shape of tissues, organs
morphogenesis
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an organism making new cells or new organisms
reproduction
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It is the existence and maintenances of a relatively constant environment within the body
Homeostasis
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our ideal normal value
set point
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Any deviation from set point is made smaller or resisted
Negative Feedback
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monitors the value of the variable of Negative Feedback
Receptor
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part of the brain that establishes the set point and communicates with receptors and effectors
control center
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something that can adjust the value of the variable toward set point, carries out the change
Effectors
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When a response to the original stimulus results in the deviation from the set point becoming even greater, amplifies changes in the body
Positive feedback
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Anatomical position- person standing erect with face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
Supine
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A structure above another
Superior
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A structure below another
Inferior
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Closer to the head than another structure
Cephalic
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Closer to the tail than another structure
Caudal
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The front of the body
Anterior
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The back of the body
Posterior
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Closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Proximal
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Farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure
Distal
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Away from the midline of the body
Lateral
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Toward the midline of the body
Medial
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Toward or ON the surface
Superficial
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AWAY from the surface, internal
Deep
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Same side of the body
ipsilateral
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Opposite side of the body
Contralateral
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thorax (includes pectoral, sternal, & mammary)
thoracic
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region from the chest down to the genital
trunk
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front of elbow
Antecubital
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all of the arm
upper limb
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all of the leg
lower limb
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point of shoulder
acromial
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hollow behind knee
popliteal
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1?
Right hypochondriac region
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3?
Left hypochondriac region
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2?
Epigastric Region
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Right lumbar region
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Umbilical region
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Left lumbar region
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Right iliac region
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Hypogastric region
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Left iliac region
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Planes of the body: (through the midline)
Median
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Planes of the body: (same plane, but to the left or right of median
Sagittal
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2 words that describe dividing body into anterior and posterior sections
Frontal and Coronal
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Cross divides body into superior and inferior sections
Transverse
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Planes of the body: Other than at a right angle
Oblique
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Planes through an organ: cut along the length of an organ
Longitudinal
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Planes through an organ: cut at right angle to length of the organ
Transverse/ Cross
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Planes through an organ: cut at any but a right angle
Oblique
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What divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Diaphragm
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What contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs?
Mediastinum
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What cover the organs of trunk cavities and line the cavity?
Serous Membranes
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The thoracic cavity contains three serous membrane–lined cavities?
- 1. Pericardial
- 2. 2x Pleural cavities
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The cavity for the heart is called?
Pericardial
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The cavities for the lungs are called?
Pleural Cavities
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The part of the cavity that is touching the organ (or the inner balloon wall)?
Visceral Serous Membrane
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The part of the cavity that is not touching the organ ( or the outer balloon wall)?
Parietal Serous Membrane
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