F & E

Major cation in ECF

Flat P waves, prolonged PR intervals, widened QRS complexes and tall peaked T waves.

inverted T waves, ST segment depression and prominent U waves.

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

chloride, bicarbinate, phosphate, sulfate, organic acids, proteinate

pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of the blood vessel

natural tenency of a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Random movements of ions and molecules.

solution with osmolality higher than that of serum

solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum

solution with same osmolality as serum and other body fluids.

loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid. Water and electrolytes lost in same proportion as they exist in normal body fluids.

caused by abdominal fluid losses ie N/V/D, GI suctioning, sweating, decreased intake, inability to gain access to fluids

acute weight loss, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, concentrated urine, postural hypotension, a weak/rapid heart rate, flattened neck veins, decreased central venous pressure, clammy skin, thirst, increased temp, cramps

occurs with GI and renal losses

occurs with adrenal insufficiency

occurs with increased thirst and ADH release

results from increased insensible losses and diabetes insipidus

Vital signs: Hypothermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension,orthostatic hypotension. Neuromusculoskeletal: Headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness to the point of possible respiratory compromise, fatigue, decreased deepmuscle reflexes (DTR)GI: Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping,nausea

seizure precautions

Compensatory mechanisms include increased thirst and increased production ofADH.

-Vital signs: Hyperthermia, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
-Neuromusculoskeletal: Restlessness, irritability, muscle twitching to thepoint of muscle weakness including respiratory compromise, increased deepmuscle reflexes (DTR) to the point of absent DTRs, seizures, coma
-GI: Thirst, dry mucous membranes, increased motility, hyperactive bowelsounds, abdominal cramping, nausea
-Other signs: Edema, warm flushed skin, oliguria

2 drug groups that contain magnesium and could cause hypermagnesemia are?

sodium promotes ____ loss

S/S: flabby muscles, pain over bony areas and kidney stones

solution contains calcium and potassium in addition to sodium chloride. Used to correct dehydration and sodium depletion and replace GI Losses