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Define anatomy
structure of the body
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How the body functions is defined as _____________
physiology
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Study of the processes that disturb the normal body function is known as _____________
pathophysiology
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Balance within the body
homeostasis
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Constant changes within the body to maintain homeostasis
dynamic equilibrium
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The dorsal cavity is located in the _______ of the body and contains ________ and ________ cavities.
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When the effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change is known as ___________
negative feedback
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The smallest living unit that makes up the body structures
cells
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located at the front of the body and contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
ventral
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this body system contains hair, skin and nails
integumentary
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the skeletal system contains what structures
bone, cartilage and ligaments
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the muscular system contains primary _______ muslces
skeletal
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Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph thymus, spleen and tonsils are considered part of the ________ system
lymphatic
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The respiratory system consists of:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
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Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra are contained in the _____ system
urinary
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Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs are contained inside the _______ system
nervous
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Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid and parathyroids are consistent with the _______ system
endocrine
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The circulatory system contains ____
heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
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Stomach, small/large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth and pancreas are all parts of the ____________ system.
digestive
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The male reproductive system consists of___________
Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis
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Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts are contained in _______ system
female reproductive system
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the anatomical position is when the body is standing erect, arms at the sides with palms facing ________
forward
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to maintain homeostasis, a system must contain what three components:
receptor, control center, and an effector
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most systems supporting homeostasis operate by ______ feedback
negative
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________ tissue covers/lines the body and consist of the outer layer of the skin, walls of the capillaries, and kidney tubules
Epithelial
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The _______ connects and supports parts of the body, transports and stores mineral and consists of bone, cartilage and adipose tissue
connective tissue
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This type of tissue contracts to produce movement and includes skeletal muscles and the heart
muscle
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This generates and transmits impulses to regular body functions and contains the brain and nerves
nerve tissue
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the _______ system participates in the heat production
muscular
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the ______ system is involved in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients
disgestive
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the ______ systems helps regulate blood volume and pressure
urinary
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the _______ system produces immune cells
lymphatic
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the _______system is involved in hormone production
endocrine
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the skeletal system plays a key role in _____ formation
blood
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water that resides outside of cells is called
extracellular fluid
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extracellular fluid includes (3)
interstitial, plasma, and lymph
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water that resides inside cells is called
intracellular
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this is the outer most layer of the skin, contains no blood vessels, and consists of stratified squamous cell tissue
epidermis
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The inner, deeper layer of skin; composed of connective tissue. This layer contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and nerve endings.
dermis
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the inner most layer of the stratum basale
germinativum
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the outer most layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
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a deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood causes ______ or bluish tint to the skin
cyanosis
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impaired liver function (hepatitis/liver disease) that allows bile to accumulate and stains the skin causes _______ or yellowish discoloration to the skin
jaundice
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a deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland (Addisons disease) causes a golden brown color to the skin or ______
bronzing
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a genetic lack of melanin which is evidenced by extremely pale skin, white hair and pink eyes is also known as
albinism
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increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skins surface (results from heat, exercise, sunburn, etc) evidenced by abnormal redness
erythema
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decreased blood flow (cold temperatures, fear, emotional stress, low BP or blood loss
pallor
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breakdown or clotted blood under the skin distinguished by bluish, black or a yellowish mark on the skin
bruise or a hematoma
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reddish color melanin
pheomelanin
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brown-black colored melanin
eumelanin
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Name the five functions of the skin
protection, barrier, vitamin D production, sensory perception, thermoregulation
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when the skin is chilled, it _______ to retain heat
constricts
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when the skin is over heated the blood vessels ______
dilate
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