How does the air inside the lungs differ than atmospheric air?
Air inside the lungs have carbon dioxide
The carina of the trachea is found at the level of which vertebra?
5th thoracic
Touching of the carina leads to ______ reflex
Cough
The main difference between the right and left lungs is______.
Left lung does not have a middle lobe, only superior and inferior. (Because of location of the apex of heart)
The ______ is the functional homologue of the middle lobe of the right lung.
Lingual
If swallowed a foreign body, the most likely bronchus that it will end up in is the _______ bronchus.
Right
Gas exchange occurs at the _____ zone.
respiratory
Respiratory bronchioles contain _____ muscle.
Smooth
True/False: Much like heart does not get the blood that is coming in, the lungs do not get their oxygen from the air pass through.
True
The lungs DO/DO NOT (pick one) fill the entire pleural space?
DO NOT
______gutters are spaces that allows the lung to expands to
Costodiaphragmatic
Subcostals and transversus thoracic are muscles on the rib cage and their function is to _______
Proprioception
Tertiary bronchi subdivides into ______, part of the ______zone.
Terminal bronchioles; conducting
The respiratory zone is contained within the ________
Acinus
Type ____ alveolar cell produces _____ that ____the surface tension.
II; surfactant; reduces
Laplace’s Law states that tension _____ as radius _____ at the same pressure.
Increases; increases
True/false: air pressure alone is sufficient to expand lungs
False; it also requires pleural adhesion of visceral and parietal pleura
When the thoracic wall is punctured, it results in _____.
Pneumothorax
Loss of _________pressure allows the lungs to recoil and collapse.
Negative intrapleural
In pneumothorax, inhalation causes the heart to shift ______, whereas exhalation the heart shifts ______.
Away from the punctured thorax, towards the punctured thorax.
Pulmonary fibrosis is an example of when the lungs have too _____ compliance and _____ elastance. Resulting in stiffness of the lungs and difficulty expanding.
Low; high
Emphysema is an example when the lungs have too ____ compliance and ______ elastance. The lungs do not recoil properly and air accumulates inside the lungs.
High; low
In order for the airway to remain open, pressure inside the airway has to be ______ than the pressure outside the airway.
Greater
Epinephrine act on _____ receptors and leads to bronchodilation, decreasing airway _____.
