B. store information that tells the cells which proteins to make
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by...
B. covalent bonds
According to the base-pairing rules, guanine (G) binds with...
D. cytosine (C)
During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase...
A. separates the two nucleotide chains in a DNA molecule
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are...
A. Watson and Crick
A section of one DNA strand has the sequence ACCGAGGTT. What is the sequence of an mRNA transcribed from this section of DNA?
C. UGGUCCAA
Describe the differences between transcription and translation.
Translation is the process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein. Transcription is the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
What would be the nucleotide sequence of the RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA with a nucleotide sequence of GCTAATCCG?
CGAUUAGGC
The point at which two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome is called a...
centromere
______ are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for the same traits.
Sister Chromatids
In humans, _____, contain 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
charyotypes
In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have ___ and ___ chromosomes.
X and Y
The X and Y chromosomes are called the...
sex chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
16
If the diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46 , how many chromosomes would be found in in a human egg cell?
23
A ____ cell is designated by the symbol 2n, has chromosomes found in a human egg cell?
diploid
People with Down syndrome have ____ chromosomes.
47
Know the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
G1 ↠ S ↠ G2 ↠ M ↠ C
What happens during the (S) phase of interphase?
DNA replication (everything is copied)
During mitosis, the cell...
divides into 2 identical daughter cells
The first three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2) are collectively called...
Interphase
The cell cycle is controlled by...
cyclins
In ____, the chromosomes are arranged along the equator (middle) of the cell.
metaphase
Do you recognize these steps...
What cycle are they from?
Mitosis
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm is divided into two cells
Do you recognize these steps...
What cycle are they from?
Meiosis
In plant cells, the cell wall prevents pinching or cleavage. Therefore, Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a...
cell plate
Separation of homologous chomosomes occurs during what stage of meiosis?
Anaphase 1
Crossing over occurs during...
Prophase 1
What process produces haploid sex cells?
Meiosis 2
Males have XY, whereas females have...
XX
Somatic (body) cells are diploid; ___ cells are haploid.
sex
The two main stages of the cell cycle are _____ and _____.
Metaphase and Anaphase
The correct sequence of mitosis is...
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telaphase, and Cytokinesis
Gametes are produced during...
meiosis
The longest phase of the cell cycle is...
Interphase
Which of the following structures is the most complex?
Cell Organ System Organ Tissue Organ System Organism
Organism
The gamete that contains the genes from the mother is the...
ovum
During _____, the nucleolus has disappeared, the nucleus begins to disintegrate, and chromosomes are tightly coiled.
Interphase
During _______, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
