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4 major types/classes of biological molecules:
These are macromolecules (or polyanions).
- 1) proteins
- 2) carbohydrates
- 3) lipids
- 4) nucleic acids
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describe the 4 major types of bio molecules
- 1) Proteins are 1 or more chains of amino acids: Amino acids contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
- 2) carbohydrates: Cm(H2O)n (where m may be different from n).
- 3) Lipids (oleaginous) are chiefly fatty acid esters
- 4) Nucleic acids: composed of nucleotides
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what's a carboxylic acid functional group?
- R–COOH
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What are aminos?
contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group[4](these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines)
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what's an ester group like those in lipid fatty acid esters?
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- at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group RCOOR
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Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which are monomers made of three components:
- 1) a 5-carbon sugar,
- 2) a phosphate group and a
- 3) nitrogenous base
- Ribos sugar=RNA, deoxyribose=DNA
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Class and name ROH, --OH
alcohols, Name: hydroxyl
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Class and name of RCHO (-CHO)
Class: aldehydes, name carbonyl
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what is the R for?
R group is any generic alkyl or side chain
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class and name for ROR connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Class: Ether, ether
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