-
P blood group
- IgM, cold reactive Ab
- Donath-Landsteiner test
- PCH
-
ADH
- AKA AVP
- Signal from posterior Pituitary to reabsorb water
- Deficient in Diabetes Insipidous patients
-
Aldosterone
- Singnal from the Adrenal cortex
- increase sodium reabsorption
-
Renin
- Produced by the kidneys
- Response to low BP
- Promotes angiotensin production
-
Primidone
- Anticonvulsant
- Phenobarbital metabolite
-
Protein electrophoresis albumin pneumonic
Abbie Albumin is attracted to Andy Anode because of his positive attitude
-
Bands for HIV on western blot
p24, gp41, gp120, gp160
-
What is Potassium permanganate?
Decolorizer in mycobacterium staining
-
Ziehl Neilsen stain
- Mycobacterium hot stain
- Carbol fuschin with methylene blue counterstain
-
DAT vs IAT
- DAT= cells coated in vivo
- IAT= cells coated in vitro
-
Antibodies that show dosage
Kidds and Duffy the Monkey eat lots of M&Ns
Rh, MNSs, Jka/b, Fya/b
-
Interferences for blood on urine reagent strip
- Ascorbic acid- false negative
- bleach- false positive
-
Initiation of thrombosis
- Adhesion (Ib -> collagen, vWF required)
- Aggregation (ADP->shape change->IIa/IIIb)
- Binds fibrinogen ->platelet plug
-
Blood donor requirements
- Weight >110lbs
- BP <180/100
- Temp <37.5C
- Hgb >12.5
- Hct >38%
- Age >16
interval- 8 weeks
-
What are burr cells associated with?
Uremia
-
Lupus anticoagulant
- directed against phospholipids (X,IX activation), prolongs aPTT
- see in SLA, malignancies, etc.
-
Clinitest
- CuSo4 based method to look for other reducing sugard besides glucose
- Gluc -, Clin + -> galactose, etc.
- Gluc+, Clin+ -> glucose
-
What do you see monocytosis in
TB
-
-
-
Clostbusters
Streptokinase, urokinase, Tissue plasminogen
-
Se Le vs se LE vs se le
Le (a-b+), Le (a+b-), Le (a-b-)
-
What does CO2 electrode measure
pH
-
T. rubrum vs T. mentagrophytes
Rubrum=urease neg
- Rubrum=rub=bald (around hair follicle)
- Menta=minutes=temp hair loss (in hair shaft)
-
Cushings syndrome
hypercortisolism
-
addison's disease
decreased coritcal
-
Heinz Body staining
- Supravital stain (btilliant cresyl blue)
- Hgb H bodies
-
E. Coli vs. aeromonas
Aeromonas is ox+
-
ESR
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- looks for inflammation/infection
- measures distance of fall in an hour, increased distance=+
- increased: tilted tube, increased temp, excess EDTA
- Decreased: decreased temp
-
Polycythemia Vera
Increased RBC mass, decreased plasma, decreased clotting factors.
Low levels of erythropoetin
-
Antibodies destroyed by enzyme treatment
Duffy, MNss
-
Antibodies enhanced by enzymes
Kidd, Rh. Lewis, I, P1
-
Corrected WBC count
- WBCs x 100
- --------------
- nRBC + 100
-
Retic count
- %Retic x Hct
- ----------------
- 45
-
Thromboplastin
enzyme released from damamged cells that converts prothrombin to thrombin and activates coagulation
-
Comparing means, insturmental linearity
Paired T test
-
Absorbance formula
A=2-log%T
-
Dsypnea due to anesthesia
check Pseudocholinesterase
-
Sezary Syndrome
Blood cancer, cutaneous T cell lymphoma
-
Coumadin Therapy
- AKA warfarin
- Inhibits vitamin K
- Factors II, VII, IX, X
-
Cholesterol equation
Total= LDL+HDL+Tg/5
LDL= Total-HDL-tg/5
-
-
Proteus Vulgaris vs. mirabilis
Both: gnr, glucose +, nlf, motile, H2S+
- Indole +: vulgaris
- Indole -: mirabilis
-
Hep B immune sequence
Surface, earth, core, earth, surface
HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, Anti-HBe, Anti-HBs
only get Anti-HBc through infection or if youre a carrier
-
Blood group with Malarial resistance
- Duffy- Vivax
- MNss- falciparum
-
Syphilis testing
- Direct flourescent method: FTA-Abs (most sensitive)
- Reagin testing: VDRL, RPR
False positives seen with Plasmodium falciparum (Reagin method)
-
Sensitivy/ specificity equations
- seNsitivity: TP/(TP+FN) x 100
- (N=false negatives lower result)
- sPecificity: TN/(TN+FP) x 100
- (P=false positives lower result)
-
Procanimide
Cardioactive drug, montior NAPA (metabolite) also
-
Difference between Howell-Jolly bodies, Basophilic stippling, Papperheimer bodies and Heinz bodies
- Howell-Jolly: DNA, would be removed by spleen
- Basophilic Stippling: RNA, ribosome, Lead poisoning/thalassemia
- Pappenheimier: Iron, confirm with Prussian blue, sideroblastic anemia
- Heinz: ONly seen with supravital stain, Hgb H bodies, G6PD def/ thalassemia
-
Malaria ID: vivax, ovale, falciparum, malariae
- Vivax: RBC enlarged, schuffner's dots
- Ovale: RBC enlarged, schuffner's dots, fimbriated edges
- Falciparum: applique form (headphones), crescent shaped, black water fever
- Malariae: band across cell
-
Edwardsiella vs. Salmonella
Both are GNR, Ox-, cat+, motile, nlf, H2S +
- Salmonella: Indole -
- Edwardsiella: Indole+
-
Cat Scratch fever
Bartonella
P.mult is from dog/cat bites
-
Walking Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-
P.aeruginosa vs. P. putida
growth at 42C
-
What organism require olive oil to grow?
Microsporum furfur
-
See stomatocytes think...
liver disease
-
What do you use darkfield micsroscopy for?
Spirochetes
-
Direct exclusion
present in child, absent in mother and father
-
indirect excludion
absent in child and mother, present in child
-
How do HLA antibodies come about
induced via pregnancy, transfusion, transplantation, etc.
-
Enzymatic drug modification is a method of resistance in which antimicrobial?
Aminoglycosides like gentamicin
-
Ghost cells
- RBCs in dilute alkaline urine
- Alkaline is more damaging to the cells membrane, low SG allows for leakage
-
Hyper/hyposegmented neutrophils
- hyper: megaloblastic anemia (6 lobes)
- hypo: pelger huet (2 lobes)
-
-
How does lipemia effect CBC results?
Falsely increased Hgb
-
What is measure by CO2 electrode?
pH
-
What is special about Lewis Abs?
They are lipids adsorbed onto RBCs from the plasma, not actually a part of the membrane
-
Rouleaux
Not detected in AHG, seen in multiple myelon and Waldenstorm's macroglobunemia.
remedy with saline replacement
-
ABO mixed field reaction?
Think transfusion! Two populations of red cells
-
If all wells on forward/back typing are reactive...
think cold aggultinins! Incubate to room temp and see if they are corrected.
-
How to store CSF when cant be tested immediately
incubate at 35
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