-
Main cell type in epidermis; provide mechanical barrier
Keratinocytes
-
Neuroectodermal cells in epidermis; transfer melanin to neighboring keratinocytes
Melanocytes
-
Primary structural proteins for the epidermis
Dermis
-
Antigen presenting cells in epidermis; role in type IV hypersensitivity reactions
Langerhans cells
-
Sensory nerves that detect pressure
Pacinian corpuscles
-
Sensory nerves that detect warmth
Ruffini�s endings
-
Sensory nerves that detect cold
Krause�s end-bulbs
-
Sensory nerves that detect tactile sense
Meissner�s corpuscles
-
Glands producing aqueous sweat
Eccrine sweat glands
-
Glands producing milky sweat
Apocrine sweat glands
-
Predominant collagen type in skin
Type I
-
Ability to regain shape
Elasticity
-
Skin change caused by loss of tensile strength and elasticity
Cushing�s striae
-
Grafts including all epidermis and part of the dermis
Split-thickness skin grafts
-
Skin graft type with less contraction
Full-thickness skin grafts
-
Method of blood supply for skin graft for days 0-3
Imbibition
-
Method of blood supply for skin graft for days 3+
Neovascularization
-
Tissue types unlikely to support skin graft (poorly vascularized)
Tendon, bone, XRT areas
-
Primary blood supply for TRAM flap
Superior epigastric vessels
-
Most important determinant of TRAM flap viability
Periumbilical perforators
-
Pressure sore with erythema and pain but no skin loss
Stage I
-
Pressure sore with partial skin loss and yellow debris
Stage II
-
Pressure sore with full-thickness skin loss and subcutaneous exposure
Stage III
-
Pressure sore involving bony cortex
Stage IV
-
Single best factor for protecting skin from UV radiation
melanin
-
Rays responsible for chronic sun damage
UV-B
-
Disorder which predisposes patients to melanoma
Xeroderma pigmentosum
-
Most common site for melanoma
Back (men), legs (women)
-
Most common location for distant melanoma mets
Lung
-
Least aggressive melanoma, with minimal invasion
Lentigo maligna
-
Most common type of melanoma, originating from sun-exposed areas
Superficial spreading melanoma
-
Most aggressive form of melanoma
Nodular
-
Aggressive melanoma type originating largely on palms and soles
Acral lentigus
-
Margin needed for thin melanoma
1cm
-
margin needed for intermediate thickness melanoma
2cm
-
margin needed for thick melanoma
3cm
-
most common malignancy in US
basal cell
-
carcinoma originating from basal epithelial cells and hair follicles
basal cell
-
more aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma with collagenase production
morpheaform type
-
carcinoma of skin that often presents with overlying erythema, papulonodular with crust and ulceration
squamous cell
-
carcinoma that commonly develops in postradiation areas or old burn scars
squamous cell
-
risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of skin
actinic keratoses, xeroderma pigmentosum, bowen�s disease, immunosuppression, arsenic, coal tar, chlorophenols, nitrates, HPV, sun, fair skin, XRT
-
risk factors for metastasis of squamous cell cancer
poorly differentiated, greater depth, recurrent leasions, immunosuppression
-
most common soft tissue sarcomas (2)
malignant fibrous histiosarcoma, liposarcoma
-
biopsy technique for sarcoma
excisional if <4cm, longitudinal incisional if >4cm
-
most common form of spread of sarcoma
hematogenous
-
desired margins for sarcoma excision
3-5cm
-
sarcomas requiring postop XRT
high-grade, close margins, >5cm
-
5-year survival of sarcomas (after complete resection)
40%
-
common sarcomas in children; often proximity to vital structures precludes full resection
head and neck sarcoma (ex: rhabdomyosarcoma)
-
most common visceral and retroperitoneal sarcomas
leiomyosarcomas, liposarcomas
-
risk factors for angiosarcoma (2)
PVC, arsenic
-
Risk factor for lymphangiosarcoma
Chronic lymphedema
-
Vascular sarcoma involving skin, mucous membranes, or GI tract; assoc. w/immunocompromise
Kaposi sarcoma
-
#1 soft tissue sarcoma in children
rhabdomyosarcoma
-
treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma
excision, doxorubicin-based chemotherapy
-
sarcoma originating from metaphyseal cells; increased incidence around knee
osteosarcoma
-
soft tissue tumors associated with LiFraumeni syndrome
childhood rhabdomyosarcomas, others
-
soft tissue tumors associated with neurofibromatosis
CNS tumors, peripheral sheath tumors, pheochromocytoma
-
Soft tissue tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis
Angiomyolipoma
-
Soft tissue tumors associated with gardners syndrome (2)
Familial adenomatous polyposis, intra-abdominal desmoids
-
Yellow deposits of cholesterol + histiocytes
Xanthoma
-
Growth with viral origin that can be contagious and autoinocuable
Warts
-
Premalignant lesions in sun-exposed areas
Actinic keratoses
-
Non-premalignant lesion, can be pigmented darkly
Seborrheic keratosis
-
Skin lesion associated with squamous cell carcinoma
Arsenical keratosis
-
Neuroendocrine tumor with red/purple papulonodular indurated plaque
Merkel cell carcinoma
-
Proteins specific for merkel cell carcinoma (3)
Neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratine, neurofilament protein
-
Painful tumor composed of blood vessels and nerves; benign
Glomus tumor
-
Tumors commonly found in fascial planes, often anterior abdominal wall
Desmoids tumors
-
Squamous cell cancer in situ; 10% conversion rate to SCCA
Bowen�s disease
-
Rapidly growing lesion with central keratin-filled crater; involutes spontaneously over several months
Keratoacanthoma
-
Disease associated with increased sweating
Hyperhidrosis
-
Treatment of hyperhidrosis
Sympathectomy
-
Infection of apocrine sweat glands, typically in axilla or groin
Hidradenitis
-
Benign lesion with creamy keratin material within
Epidermal inclusion cyst
-
Benign lesion in scalp without epidermis
Trichilemmal cyst
-
Benign lesion over tendons; filled with collagenous material
Ganglion cyst
-
Benign lesion found along body fusion planes (midline abdomen, sacrum, occiput, nose)
Dermoid cyst
-
Congenital coccygeal sinus with ingrown hair
Pilonidal cyst
|
|
