-
every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a _____
heat exchange
-
what causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points
unequal heating of the earths surface
-
the wind at 5,000 AGL is southwesterly while the surface is southerly. this difference in direction is primarily due to_____
friction between the wind and the surface
-
convective circulation patterns associated with sea breezes are caused by _____
cool, dense air moving inland from over the water
-
the most frequent type of ground or surface based temperature inversion is that which is produced by _____
terrestrail radiation on a clear, relatively still night
-
what is meant by the term dewpoint?
the temperature to which the air must be cooled to become saturated
-
the amount of water vapor the air can hold depends on the ____
air temperature
-
clouds, fog, or dew will always form when _____
water vapor condenses
-
what are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air
evaporation and sublimation
-
if the temperature/ dewpoint spread is small and decreasing, and the temperature is 62 degrees F, what type of weather is most likely to develop
fog or low clouds
-
one of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is
a change in temperature
-
one weather phenomenon which will alwasy occur when flying across a front is a change in the ___
wind direction
-
which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high
smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds
-
what measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere
actual lapse rate
-
what would decrease the stability of an air mass
warming from below
-
what is a characteristic of stable air
stratiform clouds
-
what feature is associated with a temperature inversion
a stable layer of air
-
what are characteristics of a moist unstable air mass
cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation
-
what are the characteristics of unstable air
turbulence and good surface visibility
-
a stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic
poor surface visibility
-
moist stable air flowing upslope can be expected to ____
produce stratus type clouds
-
if an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected
clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence
-
steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of
stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence
-
the conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and
unstable moist air
-
what is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1000 feet MSL is 70 F and the dew point is 48 F
- 6000 feet
- 78-48= 22
- 22/4.4=5
- 5x1000= 5000AGL
- 5000AGL+1000MSL you are at = 6000MSL
-
at approximately what altitude above the surface would the pilot expect the base of the cumuliform clouds if the surface air temp is 82 F and the dew point is 38 F
- 10,000 AGL
- 82-38=44
- 44/4.4=10
- 10x1000=10,000AGL
-
the suffix nimbus used in naming clouds means
a rain cloud
-
clouds are divided into four families according to their
height range
-
what clouds have the greatest turbulence
cumulonimbus
-
an almond or lense shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 knots or more is referred to as
a lenticular cloud
-
crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens shaped clouds known as
standing linticular clouds
-
what type of clouds indicate convective turbulence
towering cumulus clouds
-
possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 knots or greater blow
across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable
-
upon encountering sever turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain
level flight attitude
-
what feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunder storm
continuous updraft
-
which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm
precipitation beginning to fall
-
what conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms
high humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions
-
during the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts
dissipating
-
thunderstorms rear their greatest intensity during the____
mature stage
-
thunderstorms which generally produce the most intense hazard to aircraft are
squall line thunderstorms
-
the mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with ____
the start of precipitation
-
a nonfrontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is know as a ____
squall line
-
if there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach
wind-shear turbulence
-
which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm
lightning
-
where does wind shear occur
at all altitudes in all directions
-
when may hazardous wind shear be expected
in areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence
-
a pilot can expect a wind-shear zone in a temperature inversion whenever the windspeed at 2000 to 4000 feet above the surface is at least____
25 knots
-
the presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that there______
is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a higher altitude
-
on in flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is
visible moisture
-
in which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate
freezing rain
-
during a cross country flight you picked up rime icing which you estimate is 1/2 inch thick on the leading edge of your wings. you are now below the clouds at 2000 AGL and are approaching your destination airport under VFR. visibility under the clouds is more than 10 miles. winds at the destination airport are 8 knots right down the runway, and the surface temp is 3 C. you decide to___
use a faster than normal approach and landing speed
-
what situation is most conductive to the formation of radiation fog
warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear calm nights
-
in which situation is advection fog most likely to form
an air mass moving inland from the coast in winter
-
what types of fog depend upon wind in order to exist
advection fog and upslope fog
-
which conditions result in the formation of frost
the temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing
-
low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog
steam fog
-
why is frost considered hazardous to flight
frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability
-
refer to figure 12
which of the reporting stations have VFR weather
KINK, KBOI, and KLAX
-
for aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the earth surface of the _____
lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration
-
refer to figure 12
what are the wind conditions at Wink, Texas KINK
110 degrees at 12 gusting 18
-
refer to figure 12
the remarks section for KMDW has RAB35 listed. this entry means____
rain began at 1835Z
-
refer to figure 12
what are the current conditions depicted for chicago midway airport KMDW
sky 700 feet overcast, visibility 1-1/2 SM, rain
-
refer to figure 14
the base and tops of the overcast layer reported by a pilot are____
7200 feet MSL and 8900 feet MSL
-
refer to figure 14
the wind and temperature at 12,000 MSL as reported by a pilot are____
080 degrees at 21 knots and -7 C
-
refer to figure 14
if the terrain elevation is 1295 MSL, what is the height above ground level of the bese of the ceiling
505 AGL
-
Refer to figure 14
the intensity of the turbulence reported at a specific altitude is ____
light from 5,500 to 7,200
-
refer to figure 14
the intensity and type of icing reported by a pilot is
light to moderate rime
-
refer to figure 15
what is the valid period for the TAF for KMEM
12th 1800Z to 13th 2400Z
-
refer to figure 15
in the TAF for KMEM, what does SHRA stand for
rain showers
-
refer to figure 15
between 1000Z and 1200Z the visibility at KMEM is forecast to be
3 statute miles
-
refer to figure 15
what is the forecast wind for KMEM from 1600Z until the end of the forecast
variable in direction at 6 knots
-
refer to figure 15
in the TAF from KOKC, the FM (FROM) group is forecast for the hours from 1600 Z to 2200Z with the wind from
180 degrees at 10 knots
-
refer to figure 15
in the TSAF from KOKC the clear sky becomes_____
overcast at 2000 feet during the forecast period between 2200Z and 2400Z
-
refer to figure 15
during the time period from 0600Z to 0800Z, what visibility is forecast for KOKC
greater than 6 statute miles
-
refer to figure 15
the only cloud type forecast is TAF reports is___
cumulonimbus
-
the best determine general forecast weather conditions covering a flight information region, the pilot should refer to ____
graphical forecasts for aviation GFA
-
refer to figure 17
what wind is forecast for STL at 9000 feet
230 true at 32 knots
-
refer to figure 17
what wind forecast for STL at 12000 feet
230 true at 39 knots
-
refer to figure 17
determine the wind and temperature aloft forecast for DEN at 9000 feet
230 true at 21 knots and -4C
-
refer to figure 17
determine the wind and temperature aloft forecast for MKC at 6000 feet
200 true at 6 knots and temp +3 C
-
what values are use for winds aloft forecasts
true direction in knots
-
when the term "light and variable" is used in reference to a winds aloft forecast, the coded group and windspeed is ___
9900 and less than 5 knots
-
what is indcated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms
thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers
-
what nformation is contained in a CONVECTIVE SIGMET
tornadoes, embedded thunderstorms, an dhail 3/4 inch or greater in diameter
-
SIGMETs are issued as a waring of weather conditions hazardous to which aircraft
all aircraft
-
which in flight advisory would contain information on severe icing not associated with thunderstorms
SIGMET
-
AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena but lower intensities than SIGMETs and are intended for dissiminatin to ____
all pilots
-
when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state____
whether they intend to fly VFR only
-
to get a complete weather briefing for the planned flight, the pilot should request
a standard briefing
-
which type weather briefing should a pilot request, when departing within the hour, if no preliminary weather information has been received
a standard briefing
-
which type of weather briefing should a pilot request to supplement mass disseminated data
an abbreviated briefing
-
to update a previous weather briefing, a pilot should request
an abbreviated briefing
-
a weather briefing that is provided when the information requested is 6 or more hours in advance of the proposed departure time is ____
an outlook briefing
-
when requesting weather information for the following morning, a pilot should request ____
an outlook briefing
-
what should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information
the intended route of flight and destination
-
what should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information
identify themselves as pilots
-
when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state
the aircraft identification or the pilots name
-
what do you state when speaking to a flight service weather briefer
- type of flight VFR or IFR
- aircraft ID or pilots name
- aircraft type
- departure point
- route of flight
- destination
- altitude
- estimated time of departure
- estimated time en route or estimated time of arrival
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