Which of the following instructions would be most appropriate for a patient receiving osteoporosis therapies
Do not use caffeine
Which of the following are nonhormonal agents that act directly to inhibit bone reabsorption
Bisphosphonates
Neuromuscular blocking agents, or NMBAs, are potentially very dangerous due to the risk of respiratory arrest, which is caused by
The potential to paralyze the diaphragm
The muscle relaxant drugs achieve results through direct effect on skeletal muscle
False
Which of the following patient education information is true regarding the use of NSAIDs?
Report bleeding gums to your physician
Calcitonin may be used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis in women who refuse HRT
True
Osteoporosis most likely affects older males.
False
Which response after patient education for NSAIDs and muscle relaxants indicates the need for follow up
I should expect to notice some bleeding of my gums
To be effective for treatment of osteoporosis, the largest possible dose as calculated for weight should be used when prescribing hormone replacement therapy.
False
Salicylates are included in the category of NSAIDs.
True
Dantrolene acts directly on skeletal muscles to manage spasticity resulting from upper motor neuron disorders.
True
NMBA's may only be used by trained medical professionals with resuscitation equipment available.
Which of the following produces estrogen agonist activity that results in increased bone mineral density to reduce fracture risk without promoting breast or endometrial cancer?
Selective estrogen-receptor modifiers (SERMs)
The side effects of COX-2 agents are
Increased risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and clotting
The dosages of Mirapex and Requip are the same dosage when given for RLS as is used for parkinson's disease.
False
Partial seizures may include which of the following characteristics?
Preceded by an aura
Anticholinergic agents may have which of the following side effects?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia
Which of the following responses indicates a need for further education regarding antiparkinsonian drugs
I should see effects of the medication within the next couple of days
Which of the following is true of absence seizures?
Most commonly occurs in children
RLS may be treated with which of the following?
Opioids
RLS or restless leg syndrome is a sensorimortor neurologic disorder characterized by a distressing urge to move the legs.
True
Possible causes of seizure include
All of the above (intracranial infection, intoxication and hypoglycemia)
Which of the following responses indicates a need for further education regarding anticonvulsant medications?
I will take the medication with grapefruit juice to lessen side effects
Febrile seizures are a predictor of future seizures in adulthood
False
Partial seizures are activity limited to one area of the brain.
True
Clonic refers to extension of the trunk and extremities during seizure activity.
False
Which statement is true of unilateral seizures?
Affects only one side of the body
Dopamine agonists are commonly used
To delay onset of levodopa- aused motor complications in Parkinson's disease
The drug used for management of absence epilepsy only is
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Side effects of cocaine can include
Euphoria, agitation and excitation, arrhythmia, stroke and cardiac failure
Drugs that can exert a therapeutic effect on a person's mental processes, emotions, or behavior are
Psychotropic
Side effects of anxiolytic benzodiazepines may include
Depression, hallucination, bizarre behavior, amnesia, ataxia and extrapyramidal reactions
Contraindications for MAOI's include which of the following
Cerebrovascular, heart and renal disease
Anti-depressant medications are used primarily to treat
Various types of depression
Side effects of MAOI's may include
Headache, stiff neck, hypertension or hypertensive crisis
Treatment for chronic alcoholism frequently includes
Elimination of caffeine, and a low carbohydrate and high protein diet
Long term physiological effects of alcohol use include
Liver damage, pancreatitis, esophageal varices, gastritis, ulceration, cardiomyapathy and hemorrhage
Side effects of controlled CNS stimulants can include
Dilated pupils with photophobia, nervousness
SSRIs should be used with caution in which patients?
Those who are more prone to suicide, people with diabetes, and patients with bipolar disorders
Which of the following statements is true of Naltrexone?
It blocks pleasurable sensations associated with alcohol and opiates
Crystal, crank and ice are all street names for which?
Methamphetamines
Caution should be used when buspirone (Buspar) is administered to patients with
Renal and hepatic impairment
Treatment of acute alcohol poisoning is
Close monitoring for respiratory status, prevent aspiration, IV electrolytes, fluids and benzodiazepines if needed
Used for short period of time in acute injuries for pain and spasm
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Oldest types of these are salicylates (aspirin); associated with GI bleeding and ulcers
NSAIDs
Used only by medical personnel during procedures; paralyze muscles
NMBAs
NSAID Does not inhibit Cox-1; does not pose bleeding risks but may increase cardiac risks
Cox-2 inhibitor
Used for postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention
Hormone replacement therapy
Osteoporosis therapy
Bisphosphonates
Only skeletal muscle relaxant currently a scheduled drug
Carisoprodol (Soma)
All maybe used to treat inflammation
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, Cox-2 inhibitors
GI bleeding
Silent side effect commonly associated with prolonged NSAID use
Only skeletal muscle relaxant with direct effect on muscle; for MS, cerebel palsy not injury
