-
Natural Penicillins
Pen G
Pen V
- Gram + aerobes: yes
- Gram - aerobes: only neisseria
- anaerobes: yes
-
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin
nafcillin
oxacillin
- Gram + aerobes only
- no enterococcus
- mixed renal/hepatic metabolism
- nafcillin hepatic
-
Amino penicillins
amoxicillin
ampicillin
- Gram + aerobes: yes
- Gram - aerobes: yes, no pseudomonas
- anaerobes: yes
- mostly renal elim.
-
Carboxy penicillins
ticarcillin
- Gram + aerobes: yes, no staph
- Gram - aerobes: yes
- Anaerobes: yes
- mixed renal and hepatic elim
-
Ureido penicillins
piperacillin
mezlocillin
- Gram + aerobes: yes, no staph
- Gram - aerobes: yes
- Anaerobes: yes
- mixed renal/hepatic elim
-
1st gen cephalosporins
Cephalexin po
Cefazolin IV
cephalothin IV
- Gram + aerobes: +++, no enterococcus
- Gram - aerobes: +, enteric
- little CNS
- renal elim
-
2nd gen cephalosporins
cefaclor po
cefuroxime IV
cefoxitin IV
- Gram + aerobes: ++ no enterococcus
- Gram - aerobes: ++ enteric, haemophilus, moraxella
- CNS
- renal elimination
-
cephamycins
2nd gen
cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole
- Gram + aerobes: ++ no enterococcus
- Gram - aerobes: ++
- anaerobes: ++
- CNS
- renal elim
-
3rd gen cephalosporins
cefdinir po
ceftriaxone IV
ceftazidime IV
- Gram + aerobes: + no enterococcus
- Gram - aerobes: +++
- CNS
- renal elim
- ceftriaxone elim in bile (QD)
- ceftazidime: pseudomonas
-
4th gen cephalosporin
cefepime IV
- Gram + aerobes: ++
- Gram - aerobes: +++ and pseudomonas
- CNS
- renal elim
-
Carbapenems
imipenem w/cilastin
meropenem
ertapenem
doripenem
- Gram + aerobes: yes
- Gram - aerobes: yes
- pseudomonas: all but ertapenem
- anaerobes: yes
- CNS
- renal elim
-
Monobactam
aztreonam IV
- Gram - aerobes only
- some CNS
- renal elim
-
Macrolides
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
- Gram + aerobes: yes
- Gram - aerobes: moderate
- Atypicals: yes
- Other: h.pylori
- hepatic metab
-
Ketolide
telithromycin
- Gram + aerobes: yes
- Gram - aerobes: moderate
- Atypicals: yes
- Other: h.pylori
- hepatic/renal metab
- 3A4 inhibitor
-
Clindamycin
- Gram + aerobes: yes, no enterococcus
- anaerobes: yes
- Other: chlamydia, protozoa
- excreted thru bile/feces
-
Metronidazole
- Bactericidal
- Anaerobes: yes
- Other: h.pylori, garnerella, protozoa
- CSF, placenta
- hepatic metab
-
Quinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
- Gram + aerobes: Gemi>Moxi>Levo>Cipro
- Gram - aerobes: yes
- pseudomonas: Cipro & Levo
- Anaerobes: Moxi>>Levo, Gemi>Cipro
- Atypicals: YES
- Renal elim, except Moxi is hepatic
-
Aminoglycosides
tobramycin
gentamycin
amikacin
- Gram + aerobes: in combo regimens
- Gram - aerobes: yes, including pseudomonas (amikacin>tobra>gent)
- renal elim
- amikacin best for pseudomonas, acinetobacter
-
Natural Penicillins
- Pen V, Pen G
- Gram +
- neisseria
- anaerobes
-
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
- nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cloxacillin
- Gram +, no entero
-
Amino penicillins
- ampicillin, amoxicillin
- Gram +
- Gram -, no psuedomonas
- anaerobes
-
Carboxy penicillins
- ticarcillin
- Gram +, no staph
- Gram - including pseudomonas
- anaerobes
-
Ureido Penicillins
- piperacillin, mezlocillin
- Gram +, no staph
- Gram - including pseudomonas
- anaerobes
-
1st Generation cephalosporins
- cephalexin, cephalothin, cefazolin
- Gram +: +++
- Gram -: + (enteric)
-
2nd Generation cephalosporins
- cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefoxitin
- Gram +: ++
- Gram -: ++
- anerobes: only cephamycins: cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefotetan
-
3rd Generation cephalosporins
- cefdinir, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
- Gram +: +
- Gram -: +++
- pseudomonas: ceftazidime
- ceftriaxone elim in bile
-
4th Generation cephalosporins
- cefepime
- Gram +: +++
- Gram -: ++
- pseudomonas: ++
-
Carbapenems
- doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem
- Gram +
- Gram -, including pseudomonas (not ertapenem)
- anaerobes
-
Monobactams
- aztreonam
- Gram - only including pseudomonas
-
Aminoglycosides
- tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin
- Gram - only
- pseudomonas: amikacin>tobra>gent
- acinetobacter: amikacin
-
Quinolones
- ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin
- Gram +, no entero (gemi>moxi>levo>cipro)
- Gram -
- pseudomonas (levo, cipro)
- anaerobes: moxi>>levo, gemi>cipro
-
Macrolides, ketolides
- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin
- Gram +, meh entero
- Gram - , enteric
- Atypicals
- others: h.pylori,
-
Lincosamides
- clindamycin
- Gram +, no entero...some MRSA
- anaerobes
- atypicals: chlamydia, protozoa
-
Nitromidazole
- metronidazole
- anaerobes
- other: h.pylori, gardnerella, protozoa (anaerobic)
-
Pseudomonas drugs
- ticarcillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, mezlocillin
- ceftazidime
- cefepime
- imipenem, meropenem, doripenem
- amikacin>tobramycin>gentamycin
- ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
-
Drugs for atypicals
legionella, chlamidia, mycoplasma
- quinolones
- macrolides/ketolides
-
Drugs for anaerobes
- Clindamycin and Metronidazole
- natural penicillins
- amino, ureido, carboxy penicillins
- cephamycins
- carbapenems
- quinolones (moxi more so)
-
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