-
2 major components of the nerve
- axonal process
- myelin sheath
-
one schwann cell makes and maintains _____
one myelin segment
-
what are peripheral nerves surrounded by
perineurial cells
-
axonal peripheral nerve is ______
direct damage to the axon
-
in axonal peripheral damage, first the _____ degenerates, and then the ______ degenerates
-
regeneration is by axon ______ and ________
regrowth and re-myelination
-
demyelinating peripheral nerve damage is ______
direct damage to the schwann cells
-
what is the result of demyelinating peripheral nerve damage
slow nerve conduction
-
what are the 3 types of peripheral nuropathies
- polyneuropathy
- polyneuritis multiplex
- mononeuropathy
-
describe polyneuropathy
- symmetrical and length-dependent
- "stocking and gloves"
-
what is "stocking and gloves"
loss of sensation and paresthesia in toes that spreads upwards and involves the hands
-
what does polyneuritis multiplex affect?
randomly affects individual nerves
-
example of a mononeuropathy (think dentistry)
carpal tunnel
-
acute demyelinating disorder of motor neurons
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
-
what is Guillain-Barré Syndrome triggered by
infection or vaccine
-
Guillain-Barré Syndrome leads to what kind of response
autoimmune
-
treatment for Guillain-Barré Syndrome
plasmapheresis
-
______ is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy
diabetes
-
most common form of peripheral neuropathy
distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy
-
myasthenia gravis has autoantibodies against what
acetylcholine receptors
-
T/F: myasthenia gravis is more common in males
FALSE, more common in females (autoimmune disease)
-
progressive atrophy of muscles deprived of innervation causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
neurogenic
-
prolonged bed rest or casting of broken bone causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
disuse atrophy
-
long term, high dose steroids causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
glucocorticoid exposure
-
what type of hereditary disease is Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy, who is more likely to get it
X-linked recessive, males
-
duchenne muscular dystrophy is a mutation that leads to the absence of ______
dystrophin
-
what is special about the legs of people who have duchenne muscular dystrophy
pseudo hypertrophy of calves
-
death of duchenne muscular dystrophy in their 20s due to ______ and _____
- respiratory failure
- pneumonia
-
thyrotoxic myopathy has elevated ______
thyroxine
-
in ethanol myopathy _____ _____ can lead to ______ which can lead to _______ ______
- binge drinking
- rhabdomyolysis
- renal damage
-
what are schwannomas
benign, encapsulated neoplasms
-
schwannomas most commonly affect which cranial nerve
VIII
-
schwannomas--loss of function of the merlin gene on which chromosome
22
-
localized cutaneous neurofibroma consists of a _____ ______
single lesion
-
plexiform neurofibromas grow _____ within a nerve
-
diffuse neurofibromas are _____ and ______
infiltrating and disfiguring
-
what hereditary transmission is neurofibromatosis
autosomal dominant
-
neurofibromatosis has a mutation of which tumor suppressor
neurofibromin, a negative regulator of Ras
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