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Peripheral Nerves and Muscles
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2 major components of the nerve
axonal process
myelin sheath
one schwann cell makes and maintains _____
one myelin segment
what are peripheral nerves surrounded by
perineurial cells
axonal peripheral nerve is ______
direct damage to the axon
in axonal peripheral damage, first the _____ degenerates, and then the ______ degenerates
distal portion
myelin
regeneration is by axon ______ and ________
regrowth and re-myelination
demyelinating peripheral nerve damage is ______
direct damage to the schwann cells
what is the result of demyelinating peripheral nerve damage
slow nerve conduction
what are the 3 types of peripheral nuropathies
polyneuropathy
polyneuritis multiplex
mononeuropathy
describe polyneuropathy
symmetrical and length-dependent
"stocking and gloves"
what is "stocking and gloves"
loss of sensation and paresthesia in toes that spreads upwards and involves the hands
what does polyneuritis multiplex affect?
randomly affects individual nerves
example of a mononeuropathy (think dentistry)
carpal tunnel
acute demyelinating disorder of motor neurons
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
what is Guillain-Barré Syndrome triggered by
infection or vaccine
Guillain-Barré Syndrome leads to what kind of response
autoimmune
treatment for Guillain-Barré Syndrome
plasmapheresis
______ is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy
diabetes
most common form of peripheral neuropathy
distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy
myasthenia gravis has autoantibodies against what
acetylcholine receptors
T/F: myasthenia gravis is more common in males
True
False
FALSE, more common in females (autoimmune disease)
progressive atrophy of muscles deprived of innervation causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
neurogenic
prolonged bed rest or casting of broken bone causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
disuse atrophy
long term, high dose steroids causes what kind of muscle fiber atrophy
glucocorticoid exposure
what type of hereditary disease is Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy, who is more likely to get it
X-linked recessive, males
duchenne muscular dystrophy is a mutation that leads to the absence of ______
dystrophin
what is special about the legs of people who have duchenne muscular dystrophy
pseudo hypertrophy of calves
death of duchenne muscular dystrophy in their 20s due to ______ and _____
respiratory failure
pneumonia
thyrotoxic myopathy has elevated ______
thyroxine
in ethanol myopathy _____ _____ can lead to ______ which can lead to _______ ______
binge drinking
rhabdomyolysis
renal damage
what are schwannomas
benign, encapsulated neoplasms
schwannomas most commonly affect which cranial nerve
VIII
schwannomas--loss of function of the merlin gene on which chromosome
22
localized cutaneous neurofibroma consists of a _____ ______
single lesion
plexiform neurofibromas grow _____ within a nerve
diffuse neurofibromas are _____ and ______
infiltrating and disfiguring
what hereditary transmission is neurofibromatosis
autosomal dominant
neurofibromatosis has a mutation of which tumor suppressor
neurofibromin, a negative regulator of Ras
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Author
toyinyajayi
ID
341376
Card Set
Peripheral Nerves and Muscles
Description
pathology of the peripheral nerves and muscles
Updated
2018-07-24T03:56:11Z
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