Digestive System

• Ailmentary canal 
• Accessory digestive organs

Mouth, (most) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, & gallbladder

• Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
• Absorption
• Solid waste removal

Thin membranes that line the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers much of the viscera

• Parietal peritoneum lines walls of the cavity
• Visceral peritoneum covers the viscera
• Peritoneal cavity contains a small amount of fluid to allow organs to move freely

• Double layers folds of peritoneum that connect organs to one another & to the body wall
• Contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Organs that lie against the posterior body wall & are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surface only

When the stomach is empty, mucosa of stomach lies in temporary longitudinal folds

• Outer longitudinal
• Middle circular
• Inner oblique

• Greater Omentum
• Attaches to greater curvature of stomach & transverse colon
• Drapes over small intestines like an "apron"

Where the esophagus meets the stomach

Bottom Curve

Doorway to move food along

• Lesser Omentum
• Connects stomach to the liver

• Accessory Digestive Organ
• Exocrine gland for digestion (99%)
• Endocrine (glucagon & insulin) (1%)

Looks fatty

• Pancreatic juice comes out of the small ducts that form the pancreatic duct
• Duct joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla
• Drains into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla (opening)

• In the upper right quadrant
• Produces bile & detoxifies blood from the GI tract

• 4 Lobes:
• Right, Left, Quadrate, Caudate

• Concentrates & stores excess bile from the liver
• Always green

Hardened bile

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

• Digestion & absorption of nutrients
• Contains pilica circulares, villi, & microvilli which increase surface area

Anchors most of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

• Reabsorption of electrolytes and water 
• Formation & elimination of feces

• First portion of the large intestine
• Entered from the ileum through the ileocecal valve
• Appendix hangs from this

• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Anal canal

Longitudinal band of smooth muscle

Sac-like pouches

Fat deposits

• Anchors portions of colon to posterior abdominal wall
• Peritoneal folds

• Transverse mesocolon
• Sigmoid mesocolon