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Social Smile
response to a human face at about 6 weeks and by laughter at about 3 or 4 months.
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Anger
evident at about 6 months, usually triggered by frustration.
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Stranger wariness
when an infant no longer smiles at any friendly face, and cries if an unfamiliar person moves too close, too quickly.
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Separation anxiety
expressed in tears, dismay, or anger when a familiar caregiver leaves.
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Self-Awareness
the infant's realization that his or her body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.
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oral stage - according to Freud
the mouth is the young infant's primary source of gratification.
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anal stage- according to Freud
the infant's main pleasure comes from the anus.
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trust versus mistrust
Erickson's first psychosocial crisis. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs are met. (food, comfort, attention)
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Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Erickson's second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their own actions and bodies.
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social learning
Learning by observing others.
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Behaviorism
emotions and personality are molded as parents reinforce or punish the child's spontaneous behaviors.
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Cognitive Theory
thoughts and values determine a person's perspective.
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working model
a set of assumptions that became a frame of reference that can be called on later in life.
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Epigenetic Theory
every human characteristic is strongly influenced by each person's unique genotype.
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