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T/F v.vinifera, v.rupestris, v. riparia, v.champinii,... are all different species of vitis
TRUE
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T/F clones of a cultivar are obtained through asexual propagation
TRUE
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clones of cultivar are the result of breeding?
NO
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clones of cultivar come from seeds?
NO
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T/F clones of cultivar come from cuttings
TRUE
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T/F clones of cultivar can be traced back to the original plant they were taken from
TRUE
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T/F the varieties are populations of clones
TRUE
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the clones are variants within a population of a cultivar (CS) that can differ in three main characteristics:
- 1.morphology (appearance)
- 2.phenology (life cycle, ripeness curve, bud break,...)
- 3.enological traits (differences in the final wines)
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clones are made or found?
found
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clones are formed through the process of ...
mutation
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for a grape, the mutations that may result in a notable clone, where do they occur?
in a bud
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what the 3 main options do you usually have when you need to order the vines to plant?
- 1.rootstocks
- 2. dormant benchgrafts
- 3.green growing vines
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what are dormant bench grafts?
vines grafted to rootstocks by the nursery
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normal dormant bench grafts how long are they?
18 inches
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how long you need to keep the distance btw the scion and the soil when planting a standard dormant bench graft?
min 4-6 inches
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what is the problem is you plant the grafted vine with the graft too close to the soil (less than 4 inches)?
scion rooting (the scion sends down its own roots in the soil)
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how tall are the uber or tall type of dormant bench grafts?
3 feet
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what is the main advantage of green growing vines?
they take less time to produce
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what are the two main disadvantages of using green-growing vine?
- 1. the graft union is still tender and not well-healed
- 2. green-growing vines are more sensitive to heat and water stress
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what is J-rooting?
when the roots grow up instead of down (j shape) due to the shallow hole or roots that are bent when inserted in the whole
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when you should plant dormant bench grafts?
soon after budbreak in your area
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green growing vines should be planted when the soil is cold or warm?
warm
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any type of newly planted vine should be protected from ...
desiccation
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why covering the graft union with soil (mounding) is less widely used? what it is used instead nowadays?
it causes fungal issues if the soil is too wet and heavy and you need to dig the graft out to avoid the scion to root.
cardboard cartons or plastic tubes
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T/F you should NEVER stress your newly planted vine in the first year of grow
- TRUE
- (vines should be properly watered and fertilized)
-
There are advantages in planting new vines late in the season?
NO
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why you should not plant late in the season (e.g. August)? (4)
- 1. poor root development
- 2. delayed dormant bud development
- 3. delayed lignification & winterization
- 4. reduced translocation of photosynthate and nutrients to roots
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T/F dormant bench grafts can give you a little bit more fruit in the 3rd year than rootings or green-growing vines
TRUE
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T/F graft union needs at least one year to heal in the field (after you receive the vine)
TRUE
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if a vine shows a lot of callus around the graft union it meants that ...
problem with the grafting process or bacterial infection (e.g. crown gall)
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