4.1 Definitions

a thin, protective covering that separates the inside of a cell from its external environment and controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell

a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells

a jelly-like substance within a cell containing organelles, water, and other life supporting materials

a specialized cell part in which specific functions are carried out to ensure a cell's survival

the organelle that changes glucose into usable for use in the cell

organelles in plant cells that trap the energy from the Sun and make glucose as an energy source for the plant

an organelle without a membrane that produces proteins

essential materials required for the cell to carry out the activities necessary for its survival

a network of membrane-covered channels within a cell that transports materials

membrane-covered sacs that form off the ends of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body and that transport proteins, nutrients, and water into, out of, and around the inside of the cell

an organelle that sorts and packages proteins for transport

membrane-covered storage containers with cells

an organelle that controls all activities within the cell

the thin outer membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus; separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

a membrane-free organelle that floats in the interior of the nucleus and makes ribosomes

openings in the nucleur membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus

a substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins

a threadlike structure in a cell nucleus that carries genes

a biological molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information; composed of sugar, phosphate, and four different bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine) passed on from generation to generation during reproduction

proteins that help speed chemical reactions within cells

segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome, each contain information to produce proteins