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Definition of Nurse
to care, protect, watch over, to pay serious attention to
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How do nurses show caring behavior?
Communicator, Teacher, Counselor, Leader, Researcher, Advocate
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What are some current trends in nursing?
- Increase in age population
- Age of nurses,
- People are living longer with chronic disease
- Technology
- Shorter hospital stays
- H1N1
- Culturally competent care, non ethnocentric
- MSN, nurse practitioners
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What are some skills that nurses possess?
- Cognitive-scientific base of knowledge
- Technical-operation of equipment
- Interpersonal-communicate
- Ethical and legal-working with a moral compass
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What is the bottom level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological- breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
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What is level 2 up on Maslow's hierarchy?
security of body, employment, resources, morality,family, health, property
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Level 3 of Maslow's Hierarchy?
Love/belonging- friendship, family, sexual intimacy
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Level 4 up on Maslow's Hierarchy?
self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
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Top level of Maslow's Hierarchy?
morality, creativity, spontaneity. problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
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Aims of nursing are:
- Promote health
- Prevent illness
- Restore health
- Facilitate coping with disability or death
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Definition of health according to WHO
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1946)
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Disease defined
- Disease – pathologic change
- Illness – response of the person to a disease
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What is acute illness?
- Lasts a short time
- No lingering effects
- Rapid onset of symptoms
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What is chronic illness?
- Longer than 6 months
- Causes a permanent change,
- slow onset w/periods of remission and exacerbation
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What are the risk factors for illness?
Age, Genetic factors, Physiologic factors, Health habits, Lifestyle, Environment
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What are the factors affecting safety?
- Ability to Communicate: language barriers
- Sensory perception: may not see or smell things that are risky
- Psychosocial State: Depression
- Developmental: teenage drinking and driving
- Health state: perhaps dizzy and can fallPractice
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What are some instances when falls can occur?
bathroom,try to get OOB, change of position, getting food or drink
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Who are some at risk people for falling?
Frail, elderly, mobility issues, heavily medicated, confused, inebriated
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What safety measures can we use to reduce falls?
- Orientation to surroundings
- Observe for environmental hazards/monitor vital signs
- Bed and wheelchair wheels locked and bed in lowest position
- Place call bell within reach(respond promptly!)/personal articles close by
- Checkeck footwear (on slip socks_)
- Appropriate use of restraints/siderails
- Involve family
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What are some criteria for restraints?
- Need dr order, reassessed every 24 hours,Least restrictive
- Tied to bed frame, check remove q2h,ROM,TPCCS
- Most common wrist, mitts, and vest
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How many side rails are considered a restraint
Four (??)
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What are some causes of fires in the hospital?
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Smoking
- Combustion of anesthetic agents
- Faulty wiring/unsafe electrical equipment
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Nursing Responsibilities in case of fire
- R…….Rescue patient
- A…….Activate fire alarm system
- C…….Confine the fire
- E…….Evacuate patients (OR) extinguish the fire
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What is poison?
Any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body
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What is the phone number for poison control?
Poison control center 1 800 222-1222
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What is the process of infection?
C.Diff -->portal of exit (diarrhea)-->means of transmission-->portal of entry (mouth)-->host
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What is medical asepsis?
Practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
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What is surgical asepsis?
Practices used to keep objects and areas free from all microorganisms
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What are some standard safety precautions?
- Wash hands, Clean non sterile gloves, PPE,No recapping needles
- Proper handling of soiled equipment
- Adequate environmental controls
- Review room assignments
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What are examples of PPE equipment?
Gloves-one per patient
- Gloves-
- Gown-
- Mask-
- Goggles-
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List some transmission based precautions.
Airborne-Negative pressure room, Tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, Need special mask, gloves, mask, gown, gloves
Droplet-mumps, MRSA pneumonia regular mask, gown, gloves, goggles
Contact-no mask, gown, gloves, goggle
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What are the four most common reasons for Isolation Precautions in the hospital?
- MRSA (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)-blood, urine, stool, wound, airway and secretions
- VRE (Vancomycin resistant enterococcus)-urine
- C-diff (Clostridium difficile)-diarrhea
- TB (Tuberculosis)
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What are the systolic/diastolic numbers for prehypertension?
- Systolic 120-139 mmHg
- Dyastolic 80-89 mmHg
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What are the numbers for normal BP?
- systolic-100-120
- diastolic-60-80
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What are the numbers for Low Blood pressure?
- systolic <100
- diastolic <60
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What are the numbers for hypertension?
- Stage 1
- Systolic >140 – 159 mmHg
- Dyastolic > 90 – 99 mmHg
Stage 2 - >160 or >100
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