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salmonella
- incubation: 6-48 hours
- duration: 4-7 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: poultry, food, water. worldwide
- temporal: year round
- inflammatory?: Yes
- s/s: fever, n/v, bloody or purulent diarrhea
- diagnostics: stool culture
- management: supportive, Cipro if needed
-
shigella
- incubation: 1-4 days
- duration: 2-7 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: food borne, common in daycares
- temporal: year round
- inflammatory?: Yes
- s/s: fever; n/v; tenesmus; mucousy, bloody diarrhea
- diagnostics: stool culture
- management: supportive, Cipro if needed
-
campylobacter
- incubation: 3 days
- duration: 5-9 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: raw milk, poultry, contaminated water
- temporal: year round
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: watery diarrhea progressing to bloody
- diagnostics: stool culture
- management: supportive, Cipro if needed
-
vibrio cholera
- incubation: 2 days
- duration: 2-3 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: shellfish, contaminated water. India, Africa, Latin America, US Gulf coast
- temporal: natural disaster, pandemic
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: discomfort -> peristalsis -> rice water diarrhea
- diagnostics: clinical / stool culture
- management: rehydration, azithromycin 1 g po x 1 if needed
-
enterotoxigenic e. coli
- incubation: 1-3 days
- duration: 3-4 days
- transmission/reservoir: contaminated food/water; human/animal waste
- epidemiology: developing countries; travelers; Mexico
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: n/v/, cramping, watery stool (no blood, low fever
- diagnostics: clinical / stool sample
- management: hydration, loperimide, bismuth, no antibiotics
-
enterohemorrhagic e. coli
- incubation: 12-60 hours
- duration: 5-10 days
- transmission/reservoir: undercooked ground beef; cattle, sheep, deer, goats
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: low fever, abd cramping, diarrhea watery -> bloody
- diagnostics: stool culture
- management: supportive
-
clostridium perfringes
- incubation: 8-16 hours
- duration: <24 hours
- epidemiology/reservoir: undercooked meat & poultry
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: cramping, n/v/d
- diagnostics: clinical; stool culture
- management: supportive
-
listeria
- incubation: 1-4 weeks
- epidemiology/reservoir: soft cheese, deli meat
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: flu-like, nausea, diarrhea, fever. can cause meningitis and premature labor w/stillbirth
- diagnostics: blood and CSF cultures
- management: ampicillin IV, +gentamicin if meningitis
-
rotavirus
- incubation: 1-3 days
- duration: 4-8 days
- transmission/reservoir: fecal oral; stool
- temporal: winter/fall in South, winter/spring in North
- epidemiology: common in children
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: low fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea
- diagnostics: electron microscopy
- management: hydration, handwashing, no anti-motility. Vaccine.
-
norovirus
- incubation: 1-3 days
- duration: 1-2 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: Most common gastroenteritis. Contaminated food and water. Restaurants, cruise ships
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: vomiting, watery diarrhea
- diagnostics: clinical
- management: supportive
-
astrovirus
- incubation: 1-2 days
- duration: 2-3 days
- epidemiology/reservoir: fecal-oral; human/bird/mammal. Daycares; elderly.
- temporal: winter
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: fever, n/v, watery diarrhea
- diagnostics: RT-PCR
- management: supportive
-
adenovirus
- incubation: 3-10 days
- duration: 2+ weeks
- epidemiology/reservoir: daycare
- inflammatory?: yes
- s/s: headache, cramps, watery diarrhea, vomit
- diagnostics: stool culture
- management: supportive. wash hands and toys
-
giardia
- incubation: 1-14 days
- duration: 1-3 weeks
- epidemiology/reservoir: contaminated water, milk and juice
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: abd pain, bloating, n/v, diarrhea - foul smelling and greasy-looking
- diagnostics: stool test (parasite)
- management: supportive; metronidazole
-
cryptosporidium parvum
- incubation: 2-10 days
- duration: 1-2 weeks
- epidemiology/reservoir: contaminated water, milk and juice
- inflammatory?: no
- s/s: fever, abd pain, n/v, watery diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss
- diagnostics: stool test (parasite)
- management: supportive; nitazoxanide
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