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S&S, who is affected and diagnosis of kidney stones:
- Usually asymptomatic until stone passes through the ureters which triggers excruciating pain originating in the flank or kidney, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, chills, fever
- Men over 30y/o
- Diagnosed adventitiously or from acute symptoms
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Causes of kidney stones:
- Gene mutations can lead to excess urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate and cysteine.
- Usually composed of calcium (Ca) salts (75% to 85%), uric acid (5% to 8%), or struvite (10% to 15%)
- Due to combination of an abundance of substances that promote stone formation, a relative lack of substances to inhibit crystal formation and dehydration.
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Main overall support plan for kidney stones:
- Increase dietary fibre
- Minimize refined CHO
- Reduce NcCI
- Reduce animal protein
- Increase water intake to 2L
- Weight management if required
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4 main types of kidney stones
- Calcium containing stones
- Uric Acid stones
- Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones
- Cysteine Stones
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Describe composition of calcium containing stones, reasons for their development and tailored nutritional interventions:
- Ca oxalate, Ca oxalate with Ca phosphate or Ca phosphate alone.
- Occur more in affluent society and linked to low fiber and high refined CHO diet, alcohol, animal protein, fat, high-Ca food, fructose, high salt which increases urinary output of Ca, lack of water, Prolonged antibiotic use
- Eliminate aluminum sources such as antacids
- Reduce oxalate intake (spinach, parsley, leeks)
- B6, Vitamin K, Mg
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Describe Uric acid stones and tailored nutritional interventions:
- Normally due to a disposition to gout and high purine diet.
- Low purine diet
- Increase fluids, fruits and vegetables
- High dose folic acid to improve uric acid metabolism
- Vit C and blackcurrant juice
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Describe Magnesium Ammounium Phosphate stones and tailored nutritional interventions:
- Normally due to infection
- Eradicate/manage infection
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Describe Cysteine Stones and tailored nutritional interventions:
Reduce methionine rich foods
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