Science - Genetics and Evolution

These are thread like structures found in the nucleus of a cell

They are made up of protein and a chemical called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

46 chromosomes

Sperm contains 23 chromosomes

An egg contains 23 chromosomes

This is a short section of the DNA in a chromosome

This is a group of similar organisms that can breed with each other to produce fertile offspring

This describes all of the differences in traits that exist in members of the same species eg. eye colour

This is the process whereby organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

This is the gradual change in the inherited characteristics of a species over time

This is changing plants and animals through careful breeding to improve their useful characteristics eg. cows are bred to produce large volumes of milk and beef

This is a change in a gene or chromosome

This is the use of living things to make useful products eg. micro-organisms to make food such as cheese and bread

This is deliberately changing genes to produce desirable characteristics eg. medicine for diabetes

These are genetically identical individuals eg. Dolly the sheep