EnP 2018 Set 8 - Demography and Planning

In Methods of Population Projection, this is the average increase in the value of population over specific interval of time (2 periods in time). Used for short term projections.

Formula for average annual growth (AAG)

Formula for average annual growth rate (AAGR)

Formula for compound growth rate

In Methods of Population Projection, this Projection Method is a simple method for forecasting what the future population will be based upon the survival of the existing population and the births that will occur. This method can be applied for any period of time but it typically it involves five-year steps

In statistics, marketing and demography, this  is a group of subjects who share a defining characteristic (typically subjects who experienced a common event in a selected time period, such as birth or graduation).

In statistics,  this is a central or typical value for a probability distribution. It may also be called a center or location of the distribution

The most common measures of central tendency

In statistics, arithmetic average of a set of scores

In statistics,  score that appears most often

In statistics,  middle score when the scores are put in order of value

In statistics,  difference between the high and low score

In statistics,  average of the squared distance each score is from the mean

In statistics,  square root of the variance

In research, this is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.-

In statistics, this is a tabular representation of a survey data set used to organize and summarize the data. Specifically, it is a list of either qualitative or quantitative values that a variable takes in a data set and the associated number of times each value occurs

A For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that

A one mode normal curve

A normal curve with just as many people above the mean as below the mean and left and right halves are mirror images

A normal curve with maximum height (mode) at the mean or a normal curve with the Mean, Mode, and Median are all located in the center

the further the curve goes from the mean, the closer it gets to the X axis; but the curve never touches the X axis

The skew is the tail. If the tail (skew) is on the left (negative side), we have a negatively skewed distribution. What does this mean?

If the skew (tail) is on the right (positive side), we have a positive skew. What does this mean?

Sometimes the scores have a large spread without a lot of people in the middle, we then have a ________ distribution.

In its broadest sense, this means the creation of maps by local communities – often with the involvement of supporting organisations including governments, NGOs or other actors engaged in development or land-related planning.

Research that seeks to answer a question in the real world and to solve a problem.

Research that fills in the knowledge we don't have; it tries to learn things that aren't always directly applicable or useful immediately.

The  “Father  of  GIS,”   pioneers  the  Jield.   His  work  is   recognized  as  the   ‘beginning  of  GIS

Who established the ESRI   The Environmental   Systems Research   Institute   in 1969.

The earliest  open  source  GIS,  became  operational  in  1979.     It  was  developed  by  the  US  Department  of  Interior

First  released in 2002, it  is  the  biggest  open   source  GIS  software  to   date.

The  “overhaul”   of  GIS  software,  was   released  by  ESRI in 1999

The Crude Birth Rate is called "crude" because it does not take into account what differences among the population.

Considered high Crude Birth Rates

Considered low Crude Birth Rates

Considered low Crude Death Rates

Considered high Crude Death Rates

In population this is expressed as a percentage for each country, commonly between about 0.1% and 3% annually

Represents the births and deaths in a country's population and does not take into account migration

A curve  that displays a pattern of constant, rapid population growth. It is an arched upward curve that has no upper limit.

This method projects population growth for a sub-area using population projections for a larger or parent population. A regional projection can be used to project the population size of districts, and a projection for the country can be used to project thepopulation size of a region.

In Methods of Population Projection, these are often very complex in nature, models falling into this group explain population growth (dependent variable) through a variety of non-demographic (independent) variables such as employment, wage  levels, and local amenities as well as land use and transportation models

Crude Birth Rate

Crude Death Rate

Balance between in & out migration

the action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue or a current method will remain applicable

Individuals / HHs whose income fall below the poverty threshold as defined by NEDA and/or cannot sustainably afford to provide for their minimum basic needs of food, health, education, housing and other essential amenities in life

Condition of a HH  below the food threshold level (food poor)

Portion of population whose annual per capita income falls below  the annual per capita poverty threshold to the number of families / population

Annual per capita income required or the amount to be spent to satisfy nutritional requirements (2,000Kcal) and other basic needs

Components of HDI

The location of the unit of production, the firm, is determined in relation to the source of the inputs and the market for the output.

According to Boudeville, this is a set of expanding industries located in an urban area and inducing further development of economic activity throughout its zone of influence

Concept of leading industries

Concept of polarisation

In time the dynamic propulsive qualities of the growth pole radiate outwards into the surrounding space

inthe Brian McLoughlin’s Concept of planning what are the four steps come after the decision to adopt planning

What are the five components of George Chadwick's planning model

Three phases of Alan Wilson's Planning Concept

"changes in the global system of cities are expressed in:
- the relationship of individual cities to each other and to the system of which they form a part;
- and the internal structure of these cities." according to?

Thre components of Rational Model

Known for the Rational Model of Planning

Known for disjoint incrementalism

A reaction to Rational Model, Variation in values of individuals prevents agreement on ends from being realized.

Implies that goals which become generators of planning proposals are goals agreed upon within the political system

A powerful critique of mainstream planning … focusing on planning as a function of the capitalist state.

those who consciously seek to redistribute power, resources or participation away from local elites and toward poor and working-class city residents;

The model retains a belief in the planners‟ expertise and doesn‟t say much about drawing on local knowledge;

The planner is still the center of the story… key actor, communicator, tireless propagandist, etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING PROCESS (Alden & Morgan)

Type of planning concerned with coordination, resolves conflicts, ensures that the existing system is ticking over efficiently through time in accordance with evolving policies.

planning for efficient functioning of existing systems, improving/developing the system as a whole.

NEDA Project Development Cycle

A systematic, analytical determination and recording of property facts, investments and values … based on ocular inspection and inventory of property by the appraiser;

It determines the monetary value, at a given time, of property rights encompassed in an ownership