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Components of the Local Planning Structure (2)
- Political component
- Technical component
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Political Component of the Local Planning Structure (4)
- Local Sanggunian
- Local Development Council
- Congressman’s Representative
- Civil Society Organizations
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Technical Component of the Local Planning Structure (6)
- Local Planning and Development Office
- LGU Department Heads
- Local Special Bodies
- LDC Sectoral/Functional Committees
- NGA Office Chiefs in the localityPrivate Sector Representatives
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Primary Functions LDC (5)
- Formulate development plans and policies;
- Formulate public investment programs;
- Appraise and prioritize programs and projects;
- Formulate investment incentives;
- Coordinate, monitor and evaluate implementation of development programs and projects.
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Primary Functions Barangay Development Councils (3)
- Mobilize people’s participation in local development functions
- Prepare barangay development plans
- Monitor and evaluate implementation of national or local programs and projects
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Primary Functions Executive Committee (3)
- Represent the LDC when it is not in session
- Ensure that the LDC decisions are faithfully carried out and act on matters needing immediate attention by the LDC
- Formulate plans, policies and programs based on principles and priorities laid out by LDC
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Primary Functions Secretariat (4)
- Provide technical support to the LDC
- Document proceedings
- Prepare reports
- Other support functions as may be necessary
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5 Sectoral or Functional Committees
- Social
- Economic
- Infrastructure
- Environment and Natural Resources
- Institutional
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Composition of City/Municipal Development Councils
- Mayor
- Punong Baranggay
- The chairman of the committee on appropriations of the sangguniang panlungsod or sangguniang bayan
- congressman or his representative
- representatives of NGOs operating in the area, who shall constitute not less than one-fourth (1 /4) of the members of the fully organized council.
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Composition of Provincial Development Councils
- Governor
- Mayors
- The chairman of the committee on appropriations of the sangguniang panglalawigan,
- congressman or his representative
- representatives of NGOs operating in the area, who shall constitute not less than one-fourth (1 /4) of the members of the fully organized council.
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Composition of Baranggay Development Councils
- Punong Baranggay
- Members of the Sangguniang Baranggay
- Congressman representative
- representatives of NGOs operating in the area, who shall constitute not less than one-fourth (1 /4) of the members of the fully organized council.
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NGOs shall choose from among themselves their representatives to the LDCs, within how many days from the organization of the LDC?
sixty (60) days
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Frequency of meetings of the LDC
The LDCs shall meet at least once every six (6) months or as often as may benecessary
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Who accredits the NGOs in the LDC
The sanggunian concerned shall accredit NGOs.
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2 Plans required by theLGU code
- comprehensive land use plan (CLUP)
- comprehensivedevelopment plan (CDP)
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Implementation instruments of the ELA
- LIDP
- Legislative Support Measures
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Two meanings of comprehensive
- “multi-sectoral”
- “encompassing the entire territorial limit”
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Three domains within the LGU territory
- Public Domain
- Private Domain
- Ancestral Domain
- (PPA)
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Covered by Public Domain
- Untitled A&D
- Timberlands
- Mineral Lands
- National Parks
- Municipal Waters
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Basic Contents of the CLUP3
- Four policy area
- Desired urban form
- Land use policy framework
- Zoning Ordinance
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Components of the CDP (7)
- Social development plan
- Economic development plan
- Infrastructure and land use development plan
- Environmental management plan
- Institutional development plan
- Cross-Sectoral Concerns
- Plan Outputs
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This plan focuses on strengthening the capability of the local government bureaucracy as well as elected officials to manage effectively planned growth and change in their territorial jurisdiction
Institutional development plan
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This plan consolidates the environmental implications of all development proposals within the municipality and provides mitigating and preventive measures for their anticipated impacts.
Environmental management plan
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Some development issues can be confined within the conceptual boundaries of a particular sector. Issues of this nature are better handled by specific sectors.Other issues however, are common to two or more sectors
Cross-Sectoral Concerns
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CDP Plan Outputs
- Sectoral programs and projects.
- New local legislation.
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The principal instrument for implementing the CDP
local development investment program (LDIP)
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is a short-term plan covering normally a one-year period more popularly known as AnnualInvestment Program, AIP
local development investment program (LDIP)
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Two major components of the LDIP
- The final list of priority projects
- The programming of financial resources to fund the implementation of priority projects.
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Tools to capitalize on development
- special assessments
- full cost recovery through user charges
- idle lands tax
- property reassessment and taxation
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Tools to penalize development
- environmental impact fees and penalties
- land conversion taxes and charges
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Tools to facilitate investments
- long-term debt for public infrastructure including non-revenue generating facilities
- short-term loans
- build-operate-transfer schemes
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Should have as its basic minimum content the five development sectors, namely, population and social services, the local economy, bio-physical base, the existing infrastructure support, and the institutional capability of the LGU
Ecological Profile
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Dependent age
0-14, 65 and above
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School age groups
- 3-6, preschool;
- 7-12, elementary;
- 13-16, secondary
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Sex composition is indicated by the sex ratio, how do you compute for sex ratio
Number of Males over Number of Females multiplied by 100
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Age distribution is usuallydepicted in a table that groups the population into clusters of how many years interval?
5-year intervals.
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where large numbers are in the younger ages, the population is said to be
expansive
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Where a smaller number are in the younger age, the population is said to be
constructive
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where roughly equal numbers of people are found in all age groups with slight tapering off in the older ages, the population is said to be
stationary
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One concept used to explain the implications of population growth rate is thetime required for the population size to double itself, given a fixed growth rate.
Doubling Time
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The doubling time is less than 69years if the growth rate is greater than_____
1.0 percent
*Doubling time (dt) = 0.69/r
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Combined population of urban barangays over Total municipal population multiplied by 100
Level of urbanization (urbanity) in percent
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Population growth rate(urban) – population growth rate (rural)
Tempo of urbanization in percentage points
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Total urban population over Total area of urban barangays
Urban density
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The Philippine (NSO) definition of an urban area that has been adopted since 1970 in terms of density
In their entirety, all cities and municipalities having a population density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometer.
Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities or cities which have apopulation density of at least 500 persons per square kilometer.
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Even without the required population density Poblaciones or central districts may still be classified as urban if they have the following
*NSO 1970
Street pattern, i.e. network of streets in either parallel or right-angelorientation;
At least six establishments such as commercial, manufacturing,recreation and/or personal services;
At least three of the following:
- town hall, church or chapel with religious services at least once amonth;
- public plaza, park or cemetery;
- market place or building where trading activities are carried on atleast once a week;
- a public building like school, hospital, puericulture and health centeror library.
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Baranggays who also meet the requirements for urban Poblaciones or central districts may be classified as urban if they meet these 2 conditions
*NSO 1970
- At least 1,000 inhabitants
- The occupation of inhabitants is predominantly nonagricultural.
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What are the 4 industries listed in PSIC as Primary Sector
Agriculture, livestock, fishery and forestry
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What are the industries listed in PSIC as Secondary Sector
- Mining and quarrying
- Manufacturing
- Electricity, gas and water
- Construction
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What are the industries listed in PSIC as Tertiary Sector
- Wholesale and retail trade
- Transportation, storage and communication
- Finance, insurance, real estate and business
- services
- Community, social and personal services
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A simple measure of an area’s specialization
location quotient
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If the L.Q. is greater than 1.0,
the town is more specialized than the province as a whole in that type of economic activity
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If the L.Q. is less than 1.0,
the town is less specialized in that activity or sector than the province as a whole.
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If the L.Q. is equal to 1.0
the activity is equally important in both the town and the province.
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An activity or industry that provides input materials and services to, say, agriculture, e.g. farm implements, fertilizers, pesticides,certified seeds is linked in a __________ manner.
Backward
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An activity that uses the output of a particular activity, say, sugar milling, e.g. candies, softdrinks, confectionery, is linked in a _________ manner.
Forward
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Where two or more firms produce components of a final output,e.g. parts of a car. It is linked in a _______ manner
Vertical
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Where two or more firms produce complete products that are complementary in use, e.g. furniture shops each specializing in one type of furniture like chairs, tables, cabinets, etc. It is linked in a _______ manner
Horizontal
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Where a service cuts across different types of firms, e.g.security services, insurance, messengerial or forwarding services. It is linked in a _______ manner
Diagonal
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Where services to the employees or managerial staff are provided by firms or households, e.g. housing, recreation, food catering.
Residentiary
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When the inflow is greaterthan the outflow, there is net storage; when the outflow is equal to or greaterthan the inflow no storage is possible.
*Theory
Money Flow Theory
Money Flow Theory
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According to David Harvey’s theory of circuits of capital, the three forms of capital have varying return periods
- Manufacturing
- Commercial
- Financial
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the process of putting two or more thematic maps on top of each other to determine areas of convergence of certain features of land contributing to the suitability of the area to a particular purpose and conversely, to eliminate or screen out areas that are not suitable for that purpose
Map overlay or sieve analysis
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Assessment and evaluation of existing systems in relation to the intended population to be served. Evaluation criteria includes the following
- Appropriateness
- Adequacy
- Accessibility
- Level of Utility
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The simplest definition of the planning process "The process of determining goals and designing the means by which these goals may be achieved" is attributed to
Robert Young
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goal formulation is “hingepin on which the rational planning process turns” is quoted from?
George Chadwick
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More specific desirable state than value. It derives motivation from both internal (value) and external (stimuli) sources. It is the end toward which design or action tends.
Goal
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It is definite about the point to be reached or target to be achieved given the constraints of resources and time.
Objectives
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are rules of action which are not necessarily explicitly stated or consciously reflected upon but which are very noticeable when violated.
Norms and standards
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Sources of Development Goals (5)
- The Universal Concept of Public Interest
- The General Welfare Goals
- Regional Physical Framework Plans
- National Policies
- Local Communities
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Approaches to Goal Formulation (2)
- Goals Technically Derived
- Participatory Goal Formulation
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When a deficit situation exists the following measures to augment supply may be considered preferably in the same order of priority
*Supply Management Strategies
- Infilling
- Densification
- Urban renewal/redevelopment
- Reclamation
- Agricultural land conversion
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Putting to use in-lying vacant or idle lands within the built-upenvelope.
Assessing how much land can be added to the supply requires the conduct of a vacant land survey
In-filling
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Increasing density of buildings per land surface area as indicated by the floor-area ratio (FAR), and/or increasing the occupancy rate of existing multi-storey structures.
Densification
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Conversion of slums and blighted areas fromone-storey makeshift dwellings to permanent medium-rise walk-up apartmentseasily increases residential density.
Urban renewal/redevelopment
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Producing new urban land by filling or draining portions of a lake shore, seashore, and similar waterfront areas, provided the resulting alternation of natural ecosystems will not result in serious ecological imbalance, is a supply-augmentation scheme worth considering.
Reclamation
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(3) Demand Management Strategies
- Improved rural services
- Opening alternative growth centers
- Relocation or resettlement
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This pattern is similar to the native settlements prior to the coming of the Spanish colonizers – very small clusters of huts in widely scattered barangays.
*Urban Form
Dispersed Sheet
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The Spaniards reduced the number of small scattered settlements into fewer bu tlarger pueblos or towns.Later some barrios grew into large settlements that rivaled the old poblacion in population size and complexity of services.
Galaxy of settlements
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The Spaniards reduced the number of small scattered settlements into fewer bu tlarger pueblos or towns.Later some barrios grew into large settlements that rivaled the old poblacion in population size and complexity of services.
Galaxy of settlements
Some towns accommodate their urban growth in the poblacion because of physical and policy constraints to expanding side wise or horizontally.Ex. Sampaloc and Lucbanin Quezon province.
*Urban Form
The Core City
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When more radial roads were built traversing the town center urban growth tended to follow along the roads thus preventing the town center from becoming very large. Ex. Koronadal City or Tacurong City.
*Urban Form
Urban Star
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When there are constraints to urban expansion at the center settlements tend to go around like a ring. A good example is La Trinidad, Benguet.
*Urban Form
The ring
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An improvement on the COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS is the Planning Balance Sheet developed by
Nathaniel Lichfied.
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The Goal-Achievement Matrix (GAM), was designed by
Morris Hill
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It is the nerve center of the social and political life of the town. It is the place where the most important functions are located and from where city/municipal-level services are provided. The town center also performs a symbolic function. It embodies the distinctive image of the town with which residents identify themselves. This unique image also enables non-residents and visitors to recognize the town and not mistake it for any other town.
Town Center
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There are at least four focal points of the town center, these are
- the city/municipal hall and related buildings for government administration
- the parish church or churches or mosque
- the central business district (CBD)
- the central park or town plaza.
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Of these four focal points of the town center, which is the only one that cannot be influenced by the local government, but efforts should be exerted to ensure that it continues to be an integral part of the town center.
the religious center
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Three types of circulation sub-systems that must be planned
- thru traffic
- linkages between the town center and the barrios
- internal circulation in the town center.
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Three streams of activities that make up the LDIP process
1) Producing a ranked list of programs and projects
2) Determining available future funds for investment
3) Matching the fund requirements with projected funds available and deciding on financing options should the funds available be insufficient.
- Producing a ranked list of programs and projects
- Determining available future funds for investment
- Matching the fund requirements with projected funds available and deciding on financing options should the funds available be insufficient.
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A continuous process of data collection and analysis to check whether a project is running according to plan and to make adjustments if required. It is an evaluative study directed to the short term.
Monitoring
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A systematic process of collecting and analyzing information about activities and results of a project in order to determine the project’s relevance and/or to make decisions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a project.
Evaluation
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Project deliverables arising from the activities carried out with the use of project inputs or resources.
Project Output
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Results and long-term impacts arising from the utilization of project outputs.
Project outcome
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A state of change over a reference point (baseline or time period) arising from the production and utilization of project outputs. Project impacts may be short term (as project outcomes/effects) or long term (when related to the achievement of project goals).
Project impact
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state of change arising from the implementation of aplan (program/project) or on account of actions taken by agents outside thecontrol or influence of the planning system, or both.
Development impact
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It is the “legislative act of delineating areas or districtswithin the territorial jurisdictions of cities and municipalities that may be put to specificuses and their regulation, subject to the limitations imposed by law or competentauthority”
Zoning
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The instrument used by the State to regulate the use of land withinthe LGU territory; and the manner in which the State shall regulate land use is to“prescribe reasonable limits and restraints” on the way landowners use their property.
Zoning Ordinance
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Contents of the Eco-profile
- Population and Social Services
- The Local Economy
- The Physical and Spatial Base
- Environment and Natural Resources
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