Legal studies final

• the study of knowledge, especially relating to the creation and dissemination of knowledge
• source, structure, limit of knowledge

• trace, track, or trail of a person, or animal being pursued
• including human suspect being found by canine or human tracker

settlement in a new place that is connected to a parent state

• parent state
• center of the empire

• psychotherapy or interrogation while in a trance like state
• induced by a narcotic drug
• used in Indian Criminal Justice System today
• method not medically accepted or researched amongst psychiatrist

• 1st drug used as truth serum
• memory blurring drug originally used in obsterics, expanded in to the CJ system by Dr. House in a small texas town, 20th century

• type of light, open, small horse drawn carriage
• ex: in the speckled band sherlock holmes

• old school lantern with kerosene
• a light you can make very dim using a sliding panel, handheld lantern

• study of animal produced poisons in a law related context
• a subfield of forensic toxicology

• the study of fungi in a law-related context
• ex: analysis of the mold on the bodies dug up in CSI story

• civil dispute between 2 private parties
• English speaking legal system

• the act is so bad/serious that it's an act against the public, a crime
• state represents the victim

• division of labor between judge and jury
• determines questions of fact, answer with reference to the evidence and facts

judge questions that must be answered with knowledge of the law

jury of experts in a certain field, no longer used

• even slice of the population with no special knowledge of the case or subject
• common model nowadays

• burden of proof, which side in a legal battle must provide proof that there was a suicide
• ex: in insurance cases, company had the onus in suicide and the family had to prove insanity

• concept introduced in life insurance policy to reduce incentives of murder
• can only obtain insurance policy on an individual in which you have a quantifiable interest in the person staying alive
• ex: creditor on debtor, wife on husband

• an official, often elected, who oversees the process of investigation into the cause of an unusual death
• unusual deaths: murder, suicide, accident, natural causes
• person need not be medically trained

• a group of lay people convened to view the body, question witness, and produce a verdict
• instructed by coroner

process undertaken by the jury and coroner to decide upon the nature of the death

• autopsy, examination by the physician to establish cause of death
• under coroner's system- the pm has to be ordered by the coroner

medical specialist trained in p-m exam to establish cause of death

doctrine that human action is not free but determined by biologically fixed traits or tendencies

• Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest to applied to social groups
• justification for the success of the strongest

• phase in the life of a scientific technique when controversy over its value ends
• accepted w/o further critique
• blackboxing
• ex: DNA, fingerprinting

• device used to measure BAC in drivers
• large device invented in 1930s by Indiana University chemist

science of poisons, especially the pathology of dealing with poisons, for use in legal proceedings

stalk of natural chemical substances available for ingestion as medicine or poison (plant, animal, or mineral)

• a person deemed of mixed ethnic background, both aryan and jewish
• according to Nazi code, a person with 1 or more Jewish grandparent; prohibited from marrying or having sex with an aryan germans

• 19th century anglo-american model of gender relations where the domestic realm was the women's sphere and the outside world realm was of the men's sphere
• gender should not cross over

• a practice common in the 19th century where a woman paid another woman to take care of her baby, often paid in lump sum
• allegations of infanticide or killing by negligence

a common practice in many different times and places where a woman hires another woman to breastfeed her baby

• early psychiatrist of the mid 19th century, began psychiatry as a distinct specialty
• blamed for involuntary commitment of large numbers of people

default rules that apply to distribute an estate to a descendant in the absence of a valid will

• an irresistable tendency to commit theft, shoplifting
• believed to be a mental disorder prevalent among middle-class women and tied to ailments of the female reproductive system

a personality disorder characterized by a persistent, impulsive, irresponsible, anti-social, and even violent, aggressive behavior often accompanied by inability to form normal relationships

• category of civil wrongs in the absence of an explicit voluntary agreement (contract)
• violation of the duty not to harm others around you 
• ex: negligence, libel, noisance

• such negligence as is necessary to incur criminal responsibility (not just tort based) 
• a more serious form of negligence than the tort of negligence (civil law)

techniques that measure parts or aspects of the human body for identification by the modern bureaucratic state

• early 19th century science, based on the idea that personality traits were localized in particular parts of the brain
• Measured by bumps
• the bigger the part the stronger the trait
• lost credibility by the 1850s

• a system of taking multiple bodily measurements to identify repeat offenders, especially w/ multiple identities
• invented by A Bertillonage in 1883
• used by the french government until 1900
• replaced by fingerprinting

• taking an examination of finger prints, emerged in colonial India and then comes to the western world
• based on the idea of uniqueness and that fingerprints remains the same throughout one lifetime

the study of blood plasma in legal context including re immunity

settlement in a new place that is connected to a parent state