EnP 2018 Set 2 - M. Pulido 21-24

A city design approach aimed at changing the haphazard, poorly planned growth of American communities; it advocates public policies, and development practices that support more livable communities

It has a set of principles that apply to the design and development of all levels of community – the region, the city, and the block

Involves communities that are diverse and integrated, in terms of who and what is there. It takes in a full range of people of all colors and backgrounds. It includes shops, schools, housing, parks, businesses, all the uses, all mixed together, all walkable.”

Neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population.


A. Approach
B. Principle
C. Objective

Communities should be designed for the pedestrian and for public transit as well as the car.


A. Approach
B. Objective
C. Principle

Cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community institutions.


A. Principle
B. Objective
C. Approach

Urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice.


A. Objective
B. Approach
C. Principle

Is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. In so doing, aims to increase public transport ridership and by reducing automobile travel, promote sustainable urban growth

Derived from the Garden City Movement, founded by Ebenezer Howard in the late 1800s, as an alternative to the overcrowded, polluted, chaotic and miserable industrial cities that had appeared in Britain. Towards the end of World War One a group developed

To ensure that development takes place in areas that are safe from natural calamities and disasters.


A. Objective
B. Principle
C. Approach

To ensure that development takes place in areas that are safe from natural calamities and disasters.


A. Objective
B. Principle
C. Approach

To protect and enhance natural  ecosystems in order to ensure their  continuing provision of ecological  “services” (eg, purification of air and  water, decomposition and detoxi-  fication wastes, pollination of crops  and natural vegetation, gene- ration and renewal of soil fertility, protection from ultraviolet rays, etc.)


A. Objective
B. Principle
C. Approach

Views the city, suburbs, and countryside as a single, evolving system within nature.


A. Approach
B. Objective
C. Principle

Cultivates and nurtures nature in the city just like a garden, rather than ignored or subdued

A. Approach
B. Objective
C. Principle

Evaluates and incorporates natural factors, such as topography, hydrology, geology, natural hazards  and micro- climate into cities,  rather than overcoming them  through technology which is  often expensive and do not  necessarily work.


A. Objective
B. Principle
C. Approach

The process of understanding, assessing and designing transport  systems to provide for safe and efficient movement of people, goods,  and services in an environmentally responsible manner.

It is a way to guide land use and control of growth patterns

Safety, efficiency, access:, comfort, environmental pollution reduction

Developed transport and land use study Chicago Area Transportation Study (1955) began and the standard for future urban transportation studies

Used a basic six-step procedure pioneered in Detroit: data  collection, forecasts, goal formulation, preparation of network proposals,  testing of proposals, and evaluation of proposals

Mono-Centric Star Model / ideal transport plan of a unicentric city with multiple “rings of mobility” / “land use follows transport same way as population follows roads” (Who)

Advanced the concept of (TOD) as a model of urban and suburban growth and as  an environmental approach to community development and urban design

wrote “The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American  Dream” (1993)

co-founder of the Congress for New Urbanism

Penn-Jersey growth model (who)

Transport is a function of land use (who)

Gyratory traffic scheme in Paris (1906) (who)

form the heart of the network; broken  into separate lanes of traffic for separate uses - light rail or Bus  Rapid Transit (BRT) at the center and smaller lanes for  automobile traffic with wide pedestrian walkways along each  side

limited access roads for long trips and truck  traffic

roads that intersect transit boulevards and throughways

local circulation between neighborhoods, direct access  to local community centers; to disperse traffic and relieve congestion in  avenues

Refers to person-trips and goods movement generated by and attracted to a site

Classical Four-Step Model of Transport Planning integrated with Land Use

Nodes representing zonal centroids are  being paired by a link to represent an  Origin-Destination (O-D) pair

Links of varying thickness and colors  represent values of person trips coming  from one zone going to another

The interaction between two locations declines with increasing (distance, time, and cost) between them, but is positively associated with the amount of activity at each location

The modeling stage that places the O-D flows for  each mode on the specific routes of travel through  the respective model networks

(4) Trip Assignment Methods

Refers to the maximum hourly number of  persons or vehicles that may traverse a point  or a uniform section of a facility

Based on a reasonable expectancy, this is  not absolute, but specific to a given time  period under particular facility, traffic and  control conditions

Road Hierarchy By Function

Traffic volume is usually expressed in

Vehicle unit for expressing highway capacity

High PCU means?

Rate of quality of operation of roads and intersections describing the interaction between traffic volume and capacity

actual number of vehicles passing through a specific road section or intersection

maximum number of vehicles per unit time such that there is uninterrupted traffic  flow

high LOS or high efficiency of the road/intersection

low LOS or low efficiency of the road/intersection

Process of assessing and analyzing traffic impacts of urban and regional developments. Big developments such as malls, housing, schools and commercial establishments have significant traffic impacts on the area where they are located

is the art of influencing travel behavior in order to reduce or redistribute travel demand

To reduce the number of vehicles that use highway  facilities, while providing a variety of mobility options,  thru (5) techniques

Consist of strategies to improve the efficiency of transportation system through operational improvements; thus increasing demand that can be accommodated by the system. Non-facility, low-capital cost, and short-range improvement strategies. Considers the service attributes of various transportation modes

Parking Allocation NBC if unit size < 50 sqm

Parking Allocation NBC if unit size if unit size is 50-100 sqm

Parking Allocation NBC if unit size if unit size > 100 sqm

development of a site that has been  abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facility where  expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived  environmental contamination.

life cycle assessment of a product that considers its  environmental impacts from the manufacturing phase (“cradle”) through its  use and to its disposal phase (“grave”)

full, life cycle assessment of a product from its  manufacturing phase, through its use, disposal phase and its potential to be  re-used or recycled (“rebirth”)

Requiring government buildings to follow green building practices and use environmentally-responsible  materials in construction

Act to create the Green Building Code Commission to draft the National Green Building Code

rational and judicious development,  utilization and management of land resources in a sustainable manner, to  ensure that the needs of the present generation are met without  compromising the needs of future generations

Is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.