Unit 5 - 1

• Know-how (procedural knowledge): knowledge how to (Ex: ride a bike, bake a cake) "I know how to bake a cake" 
• Know-that (propositional knowledge): knowledge of facts. ( I know that 2+2=4

• - When we provide definitions for concepts we often provide necessary and sufficient conditions called criterions.  
• Example:  X is a cat if and only if
• 1. X has a tail
• 2. X has furr
• 3. X has pointy ear
• The problem of the criterion
• 1. If we already know the criterion why are we searching for them?
• 2. And if we don't know what the criterion is then how will we go about finding examples that will help us define knowledge?

• States that we can know through philosophical reflection alone what the criteria of knowledge are and we do not need to determine the criteria by looking at cases.
• - Example: Descartes, Plato

States that rather than assuming that one can identify the criteria for knowledge, one should instead assume that one can correctly identify particular instances of knowledge and proceed on this basis to determine what the criteria for

• True belief is not sufficient for knowledge because knowledge must be grounded in some sort of rational insight. The subject must be able to justify their belief. 
• - justification is needed