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Matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
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Pure Substance
matter that contains only one kind of particle
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Mixture
matter that contains more than one kind of particle
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Element
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical methods
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Compound
A pure substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
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Physical Property
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of a substance
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Viscosity
The measure of a substance’s resistance to flow
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Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
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Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
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Solubility
A measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
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Denisty
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume it occupies
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Chemical Property
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume it occupies
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Combustibility
The ability of a substance to burn in air
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Stability
The ability of a substance to remain unchanged
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Toxicity
The ability of a substance to cause harmful effects in plants and animals
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Atom
The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element
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Electron
A negatively charged particle within the atom
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Subatomic Particle
A particle that is smaller than the atom
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Nucleus
The positively charged center of an atom
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Proton
A positively charged particle that is part of every atomic nucleus
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Neutron
an uncharged particle that is part of almost every atomic nucleus
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass Number
The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Isotope
One of two or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Atomic Mass
The average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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Periodic Table
A system for organizing the elements into columns and rows, so that elements with similar properties are in the same column
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Metal
typically, an element that is hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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Non-metal
typically, an element that is not shiny, malleable, or ductile, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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Metalloid
An element that shares some properties with metals and some properties with non-metals
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Period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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Group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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Valence Electron
and electron in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom
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Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule
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Chemical Bond
A chemical link between two atoms, which holds the atoms together
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Ionic Bond
a chemical bond that forms between oppositely charged ions
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Ionic Compound
A compound made of oppositely charged ions
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Molecular Compound
A compound formed when atoms of two or more different elements share electrons
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Covalent Bond
a chemical bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms
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Molecule
The smallest discrete particle of a pure substance, which has one or more shared pairs of electrons
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