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Amount of caffeine consumption to have 'caffeinism'?
250mg
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Abstinence violation effect - cognition?
I had a drink, so I have turned into a drinker again.
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Percentage of patients on Clozapine who develop agranulocytosis?
0.7%
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% of patients on lithium who develop hypothyroidism?
5-10%.
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Prevalence rate of depression in CHD?
16 - 20%.
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1st line treatment for pathological crying?
And in post-stroke?
Amitriptyline or Fluoxetine.
In post-stroke Citalopram or Sertraline.
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Insane automatism + examples.
Internal e.g. epilepsy, hypogylcaemia, sleep walking.
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Sane automatism + examples.
External e.g. Night terror, dissociative states. Not likely to re-occur.
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Safest ACHei for cardiac problems - dementia?
Rivastigmine.
Due to lack of interaction with cardiac drugs.
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Diagnosis most common in stalkers?
Antisocial PD.
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First line for ADHD + tics?
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists - Clonidine.
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Treatment mania - how long for after episode?
6 months.
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Most common co-morbidity with hypochondriasis?
- Depression
- Then agoraphobia with panic disorder.
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Anti-manic/mood stabiliser in renal impairment?
Sodium valproate.
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Amphetamine withdrawal
Fatigue, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased appetite and vivid, unpleasant dreams.
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Cocaine intoxication.
Alertness, feelings of well-being, euphoria, energy, competence, sociability, and sexuality.
Common side effects include anxiety, increased temperature, paranoia, restlessness, and teeth grinding.
Dangerous side effects include palpitations, arrthymias, heart attack, heart failure, tremors, seizures, stroke and markedly increased core temperature and renal failure.
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MDMA intoxication.
Adverse reaction: marked dehydration, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia and agitation.
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CJD - features
- Rapid onset memory loss
- Myoclonic jerks (hypnic jerks)
- Ataxia (due to cerebellar atrophy).
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Neyman bias
Where the very sick or the very well are excluded from the study. Also called prevalence/incidence bias.
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Reason for multiple coding in qualitative research?
Improves inter-rater reliability.
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Depression rating scale most sensitive to change?
Montgomery - Asberg rating scale
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Alcohol seizures occur how long after start of withdrawal?
24 hours.
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Best TCAs to use in pregnancy?
Nortripyline, amitriptyline and imipramine.
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Mean duration of PND?
1 month
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Increase risk of neonatal withdrawal syndrome with which 2 antidepressants? And why?
Venlafaxine and paroxetine - due to short half-life.
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Which class of medications increases the rate of PPH?
SSRIs.
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PCP
Acute confusion, visual sensory distortions, aggression, and sudden severe violence. Psychosis is possible.
PCP intoxication can cause disturbed co-ordination, vertical or horizontal nystagmus, numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain, ataxia and dysarthria with muscle rigidity.
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Best antidepressant for post-stroke depression?
Fluoxetine.
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Antidepressant drugs to avoid in breastfeeding?
Fluoxetine Buproprion, Duloxetine.
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What does opportunity cost mean?
The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when a choice is made.
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Most common co-morbid illness in anorexia?
Depression.
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Anti-epileptic associated with psychosis?
Vigabatrin.
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Time period for alcohol withdrawal seizures to occur?
First 24 hours.
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Pickwickian syndrome is also known as?
Obstructive sleep apnoea.
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