-
Define democracy
- -when the people vote for their leaders and laws
- -athens had a direct democracy where the people vote for everything
- -greece was the first with a democracy
-
Define a republic
- -reps rule the government and are elected
- -Rome had a republic
-
Define a democratic repubic
- -the people vote for reps. to represent them and vote on laws
- -the U.S had a dem. republic
-
Identify the Roman government
- executive:2 consuls
- legislative:senate-patricians
- tribal assembly-plebians
- centuriate assembly-citizen soldiers
- judicial:praetors
- legal code:12 tables
-
Identify the U.S. dem. republic
- executive:president
- legislative:senate-2 per state
- house of reps-# of reps based on population
- judicial:supreme court
- legal code:U.S. constitution
-
Describe the greece government
- -they had a democracy were they voted for everything
- -they went to a rep. democracy ruled by a council of 500
- -500 citizens randomly picked to rule for one year
-
Name the Hellenistic scholars and what they did
- Aristarchus-proposed that earth & the planets revolved around the sun
- Ptolemy-incorrectly placed earth at the center of the solar system
- Eratosthenes-computed earth's circumference
- Euclid-wrote the book Elements
- Archimedes-estimated the value of pi
-
Zeus
- -king of gods and sky
- -equiv. Jupiter
-
Hera
- -queen of gods, zeus's wife/sibling
- -equiv. Juno
-
Poseidon
- -god of sea
- -equiv. Neptune
-
Hades
- -god of underworld
- -equiv. Pluto
-
Athena
-goddess of wisdom
-
Aphrodite
- -goddess of beauty & love
- -equiv. Venas
-
Apollo
- -god of sun, medicine, & music
- -equiv. Apoud
-
-
Hermes
- -messenger god
- -equiv. Mercury
-
Geographical advantages
- -centrally located in the Mediteranean so they could trade anywhere
- -surrounded by hills for defense
- -access to the Med. sea for trade but was safe from attack
- -fertile soil for crops
-
Describe the end of the roman republic
- -rich generals would recruit personal armies from homeless & poor,eventually becoming more powerful than the roman army and took over as dictators and eventually emporers
- -1st to do this was Lucious Cornelius Sulla
-
Describe the reasons why the roman empire collapsed
- Military
- -to big to defend
- -germanic tribes constantly attacked rome, eventually moved in to get away from Attilla the Hun
- Social
- -willingness to die for Rome grew weaker
- Political
- -politicians stopped serving in gov. to make it better, started searching for pers. game
- -empire split in half btwn. east and west, east became strong, west fell within a couple hundred years
- Economic
- -werent expanding=shortage of gold & silver
- -pirates stole overseas trade & germanic tribes stole other trade
- -put less metal into coins causing inflation
- -raised taxes
-
Legacy of rome
- architecture
- -roads, aquaducts, domes/arches, colosseum
- language
- -latin=basis of romance lang./english
- -used in law, medicine & science
- government
- -all western gov. based on roman model
-
Legacy of greece
- -democracy
- -philosophy
- -drama
-
Oligarchy
-ruled by a group of powerful people
-
Tyranny
-dictatorship ruled by one all powerful person, tyrant
-
Aristocracy
-ruled by a group of rich people
-
Myceneans
-migrants who settled in greece & controlled it from 1600 B.C.-1200 B.C.
-
Trojan war
- -3 gods go to paris to decide who get apple & is most beautiful
- -god that paris picks (Aphrodite) says he can have his true love
- -he steals helen
- -Greeks and Trojans fight, greeks ride into troy in a giant horse, once everyone is asleep, they come out and kill everyone
-
Athens
- -they had a direct democracy and went to a rep. democracy
- -fought in the persian wars and peloponnesian wars
- -had the greatest navy in the world
- -boys went to school at age 7 to study arts and lit.
- -athletic ability and fitness was still important
-
Sparta
- -a military city-state
- -they had to have a strong military to keep the slaves from taking over
- -the #1 value was protecting sparta
- -they got rid of any imperfect babies
- -boys joined the military at age 7 and were trained to deal with any kind of hardship until best soldier possible
- -did not focus on arts
-
Persian wars
- -persia vs. athens
- -athens tried to start a revolt in persia, persians wanted revenge
- -war eventually results in athens becoming super power or region dominating culturally, politically, economically & militarily
-
Battle of marathon
- -Darius & the persians wanted to attack athens with 25,000 soldiers, athens sent out 10,000
- -the athenian phalanx destroyed the persians
- -pheidippides ran back to athens to say not to destroy the city, after he did he died
-
Battle of thermopylae/salamis
- -Xerxes decides to attack greece because he wants revenge, no greeks want to fight
- -sparta sends out 300 soldiers to meet them at a mountain pass called thermopylae, they hold them off for 8 days until they are betrayed
- -they held off the persians long enough so athens could be abandoned & escape to an island called salamis
-
Pericles
- -led athens at the height of their power for 32 years (golden age)
- -he extended direct democracy, added more things to vote on
- -made their navy the greatest in the world
-
Socrates
- -father of philosophy
- -focused on ethics
- -socratic method
-
Plato
- -student of socrates
- -focused on politics and gov.
- -wrote a book called the Republic, Utopia
- -started the 1st university in the western world called The Academy
-
Aristotle
- -student of plato
- -focused on math & logic, chains of reasoning
- -tutor for alexander the great
-
Peloponnesian war
- -sparta vs. athens
- -sparta had a strong army and felt threatened that Athens was getting stronger
- -sparta tried to push athens back into the city walls, burn their supply, and seige the city
- -didnt work because athens could bring in supplies by water
- -athens tried to stay away from land battles and attack by water, blockade sparta's sea trade
- -didnt work because sparta was not along the sea
- -after 27 years of war, a plague wiped out 1/3 of the city of athens, leaving them to weak to fight
-
Alexander the great
- -took over when he was 20
- -for 11 years, army marched 11,000 miles, conquering everything from Greece to India
- -eventually let men go home
- -after he stopped he died at age 32
-
Hellenistic culture
- -where ever alexander conquered, he brought the greek culture & blended it with the good aspects of the local culture
- -notible for science
-
12 tables
-roman legal code carved into stone so it was permanent and couldnt be changed
-
Patricians
- -rich people
- -made up the roman senate
-
Plebian
- -commoners
- -made up the roman tribal assembly
-
Legion
- -5000 soldiers
- -led by a century, 80 officers and 20 calvary
-
Julius Caesar
- -rich general who made $ by invading and couquering Gaul
- -he, crassus and pompey created the triumverate
- -
double crossed the other 2 and took power over rome - -eventually stabbed by roman senate
-
Octavian/Augustus
- -octavian was ceasars nephew
- -formed a triumverate with lepidus and mare antony
- -betrayed them and took over rome
- -changed his name to augustus, caeser augustus
- -good leader, reigned during Pax Romana (golden age)
-
Christianity
- -belief that jesus of nazereth was the son of god and the long awaited jewish messiah
- -being a christian was illegal and punishable by death
-
Jesus of Nazereth
- -the long awaited jewish messiah
- -he was crucified
- -he rose from the dead 3 days later, made appearences to his followers, and assended into heaven
-
Crucifixion
- -(mostly for jesus)the person is scourged, then they have to carry the cross & are nailed to it
- -the force pushing down on the person suffacates them
- -the roman guards stab the victim to make sure he is dead or they will be put in their place
-
Paul
- -the main reason christianity spread
- -also because of the Pax Romana and good roads
-
Constantine
- -the roman emporer who was in a battle he assumed he was going to lose
- -he had a vision to put a cross on his soldiers shields and saw a vision of the cross in the sky (or jesus)
- -he did that and won the battle
- -he made christianity one of the official religions
- -theodosius made it THE official religion
-
Germanic tribes
- -groups from northern and sometimes eastern that would constantly attack rome
- -ostrogoths, visigoths, burgundians, franks, anglos, etc.
-
Huns/Attila
- -the huns were led by attila the hun
- -dominated everywhere
|
|
