-
What is the appearance of Enterobacteriaceae on a gram stain?
Gram negative Bacilli (rod)
-
Enterobacteriaceae are what type of oxygen users?
facultative anaerobic
-
what is the result of Enterobacteriaceae organisms on the cytochrome oxidase test?
=
-
Enterobacteriaceae organisms do what to glucose?
ferment (+)
-
true or false
all Enterobacteriaceae organisms will grow on a MacConkey agar plate?
true
-
Enterobacteriaceae organisms will usually _______ nitrate to nitrite.
reduce
-
Enterobacteriaceae organisms are ________, meaning they do not form spores.
asporogenous
-
motile forms of Enterobacteriaceae move by what type of flagellation?
peritrichous
-
what is the typical colonial coloration of Enterobacteriaceae on a BAP?
grey
-
what is the appearance of Enterobacteriaceae in a blood culture?
- medium above RBC sediment is uniformly turbid
- gas bubbles
-
the triple sugar iron (TSI) agar contains _______ and enrichment.
peptones
-
what is the pH indicator in the TSI?
phenol red
-
what is the H2S indicatorin the TSI?
ferrous sulfate
-
what is the sulfur source for any H2S indicator?
Na Thiosulfate
-
what is the name of the media that is the same as TSI minus the sucrose?
kligler's iron agar
-
Kligler's iron agar(KIA) is the same as TSI minus what sugar?
sucrose
-
what are the abbreviations for the following in the TSI?
Acid
Alkaline
Gas bubbles produced
H2S produced
- Acid: A
- Alkaline: K
- Gas bubbles: G
- H2S: +
-
what is the format for documenting results on the TSI?
Slant/Butt/Gas/H2S
-
what are the three controls for the TSI and their results?
- A/AG: E. coli
- K/A+: Salmonella typhi
- K/K: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-
What are the result for the TSI left to right
-
What is the innoculation procedure for the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test?
streak the slant
-
the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test should be incubated at 35oC for how long?
18-24 hours
-
what is the indicator reagent used in the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test?
10% aqueous ferric chloride
-
A positive phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test will produce what color?
bright green
-
what will be the appearance of the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test if negative?
no color change
-
what precaution should be taken when interpreting the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test?
green will fade or disappear
-
what are the quality control organisms for the phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test?
- +: Proteus spp.
- =: E. coli
-
what is the metabolic end product in the urease media?
ammonium carbonate
-
what is the enzyme in the urease media?
urease
-
Indole is the endproduct of deamination and hydrolysis of ___________ by the enzyme tryptophanase.
tryptophan
-
indole can be performed on a BAP, TSA, CHOC, SIM, indole nitrate medium, and MIO, but not what media?
MAC
-
what is the media which contains tryptophane?
BAP
-
the rapid screening for indole should be performed on what media?
BAP
-
What is the reagent used in the indole spot test?
para-dimethyl-cinnamaldehyde (DMACA)
-
what is the reagent used in the tube indole test?
Para-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde (kovac's reagent, DMABA)
-
what are the quality control organisms for indole?
- +: E. coli
- =: Klebsiella pneumoniae
-
the cytochrome oxidase test uses the oxidation of what substrate?
tetra-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
-
what is the endproduct formed in the cytochrome oxidase test?
indophenol
-
the reaction in the cytochrome oxidase test is visualized by what color change?
blue to purple
-
what is the name of the reagent used in the cytochrome oxidase test?
- tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
- 1% kovac's oxidase
-
what materials are needed for the cytochrome oxidase test?
-
the MIO media is used to detect what three things?
-
what is the amine formed by the amino acid ornithine?
putrescine amine
-
the MIO is commonly known as what type of media.
combination media
-
what is the inoculation procedure for the MIO media?
- collect a colony on a needle
- clean, straight stab
-
MIO media should be incubated for 18-24 hours at what temp?
35oC
-
how is a positive motility seen?
diffuse zone of growth away from the stab
-
how is a negative motility indicated?
stabline intact
-
how is a positive ODC indicated on the MIO?
lower 1/3 purple
-
how is a negative ODC indicated on the MIO?
lower 1/3 yellow
-
how is a positive indole indicated on the MIO media?
red or pink color in seconds
-
how is a negative indole indicated on an MIO media?
no color change
-
the principle of the methyl red test is to ID bacteria based on end products of ________ metabolism.
glucose
-
what is the pH that indicates that acids are produced by enzymes of mixed-acid pathways in the methyl red test?
4.4 pH
-
what is color that indicates a positive methyl red?
red
-
the principle of the voges-proskauer test is to ID bacteria based on production of what two substances?
-
a positive voges-proskauer test is detected by development of pink or red color when combined with what reagent?
alpha naphtol
-
for the VP test, what quantity of medium should be split from the 5mL MR-VP tube?
2.5mL
-
how long should the VP test be incubated at 35oC?
6 hours
-
what are the two barritt's reagents and their quantities?
- 6 gtts sol A (5% alpha-naphtol)
- 2 gtts sol B (40% KOH)
-
the ONPG is colorless and similar to _______.
lactose
-
the ONPG is used to detect organism's ability to produce what?
B-galactosidase
-
the ONPG is an enzymatic test specifically designed to detect organisms that ferment _______ at a slow rate?
lactose
-
active beta-galactosidase results in what visible metabolite?
orthonitrophenol
-
what are the two nitrite indicator reagents in the nitrate reduction test?
- reagent A- alpha naptylamine (ANR)
- reagent B- sulfanilic acid (SAR)
-
what is the nitrate indicator used to detect resudual nitrate in the nitrate reduction test?
zinc
-
the nitrate indicator zinc is used to rule out ______ recuded to other compounds.
nitrate
-
How is no reduction of residual nitrates is indicated when zinc dust is added?
no color change
-
what are the three proteus species?
- P. vulgaris
- P. mirabilis
- P. penneri
-
what is the most frequently isolated proteus species?
P. mirabilis
-
what are the four clinical significances of proteus?
- UTI
- wound infection
- nosocomial infections
- rapid urease users
-
what organism causes swarming on a BAP?
proteus
-
what is the smell of proteus?
foul
-
what is the appearance of non lactose fermenters on the MAC?
colorless
-
how does proteus use lactose?
non lactose fermenter
-
what is the appearance of proteus on the Hektoen agar?
colorless with or without black center (+) H2S
-
what is the appearance of proteus on the XLD?
- yellow to colorless
- variable H2S
-
what test differentiates P. mirabilis from P. vulgaris?
indole
-
what are the three organisms that have to be sent to serology for serotyping?
- salmonella
- shigella
- some E. coli
-
what percent of salmonella isolates are in A-E, based on O (somatic) antigens?
95%
-
what is the flagellar Ag that provides type specific strains to salmonella?
H
-
what is the capsular antigen associated with S. typhi's virulence?
Vi
-
what is the organism associated with traveler's and childhood diarrhea?
enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
-
enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) has enterotoxins similar to what organism?
V. cholerae
-
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) causes what disease?
dysentery
-
what is the numeric code associated with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
0157:H7
-
what is the organism associated with inflammation, bleeding, and hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 0157:H7
-
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 has toxins like ______ toxin.
shiga
-
serotyping is requried after ID of which E. coli?
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 0157:H7
-
what is the Escherichia species associated with watery diarrhea?
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
-
what is the Escherichia species associated with chronic and infant diarrhea?
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
-
what is the colonial morphology of Escherichia on the MacConkey agar?
- lactose fermenter
- flat, dry, pink colonies
-
what is the color of escherichia on HE?
yellow
-
what is the color of Escherichia on the XLD?
yellow
-
what is the abbreviated work up for Escherichia and their results?
- TSI: A/AG
- Citrate: =
- Spot indole: +
-
this is the most communicable bacterial diarrhea?
shigellosis
-
bacillary dysentery is caused by what toxin?
shiga toxin
-
what is the most common isolate in the U.S. from diarrhea?
S. sonnei
-
what is the least reactive genus in the family enterobacteriaceae?
Shigella
-
what is the most biochemically active species?
S. sonnei
-
Shigella uses what antigen on all species?
O Ag
-
what are the three species in the Yersinia genus?
- Y. pestis
- Y. enterocolitica
- Y. pseudotuberculosis
-
what is the dangerous organism that can cause pneumonia?
K. pneumoniae
-
what are the six clinical significances of Klebsiella?
- UTI
- Pneumonia
- Septicemia
- Wound infections
- Meningitis in infants
- Enteritis
-
what is the test to differentiate K. oxytoca from K. pneumoniae?
indole
-
what are the indole results for K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae?
- K. oxytoca: +
- K. pneumoniae: =
-
the genus enterobacter is formerly known as what two genus?
-
what are the three species in the genus Enterobacter?
- E. aerogenes
- E. cloacae
- other
-
what are the differential tests for klebsiella and enterobacter?
- ODC: Klebsiella (=), Enterobacter (+)
- Motility: Klebsiella (=), Enterobacter (+)
-
what is the test that differentiates Serratia from Klebsiella and Enterobacter?
DNase
-
What are test uses Barritt's reagents A&B?
VP
-
what two tests differentiate Salmonella from Citrobacter?
-
what are the QC organisms for ONPG?
- E. coli: +
- S. typhimurium: =
-
what are the QC organisms for oxidase?
- P. aragenosa: +
- E. coli: =
-
what are the QC organisms for urease?
-
what two organisms are associated with the color red?
- Serratia (BAP)
- Y. enterocolitica (CIN)
-
what organisms are PAD positive?
- Proteus
- Morganella
- Providencia
-
What is the TSI reaction for E. coli?
A/AG
-
what color is associated with a positive citrate?
-
what color is associated with a positive urease?
pink
-
what color is associated with a positive spot indole?
blue
-
what color is associated with a positive tube indole?
red
-
which two organisms are stringy or mucoid?
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