LTP requires activation of the _____ receptor via glutamate
what blocks this receptor and enhances GABA?
NMDA
alcohol
memory for facts people places events (knowledge you learn)
requires conscious attention
explicit (declarative) memory
how to memory skills (skills we acquire)
does not require conscious attention
implicit (procedural) memory
where does explicit (declarative) memory occur?
medial temporal lobe
hippocampus
where does working memory (executive memory) occur
prefrontal cortex
where does non-declarative memory (procedural) occur
cerebellum
where does non-declarative memory-->habitation/sensitization occur
reflex pathways
what are the 3 functions of there cerebral cortex?
sensory perception
motor function
executive function
controls movement in limbic system
basal nuclei
role in emotion in the limbic system
central gyrus
learning the memory in the limbic system
hippocampus
emotion and memory in the limbic system
amygdala
Part of the limbic system, plays vital role in short term memory and integration of stimuli
hippocampus
play an important role in "how to memory"
cerebellum
T/F: procedural memories are stored in different parts of the brain than declarative memories and do not require conscious recall
true
key for integrating information, planning, organizing, problem solving
temporary storage site for data
prefrontal cortex
T/F: the prefrontal cortex stores information differently based on the nature of the current relevant data (relation of spatial, verbal and visual cues)
True
extensive of immediate or short -term memory, can persist for hours or longer, proposed that a persons intelligence and be determined by capacity of working memory; ability to temporarily hold and relate a variety of relevant data
working memory
lasts seconds to hours
NOT consolidated
sensitive to disruption
does NOT require new RNA or protein synthesis
short-term memory aka active status
last days to weeks
consolidation
insensitive to disruption
does require new RNA or protein synthesis
long-term memory aka inactive status
where does encoding occur?
prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
transferring short-term to long-term memory
recycling (repetition) through short term memory helps this
consolidating
memory is better with 3 things
attention--when we have a reason to study
we use repetition
when he like what we are studying
T/F: a study found that memory is localized in one portion of the cortex
FALSE
it is widely distributed throughout the cortex
correlation with memory impairment and size of cortex removed not location
requires bringing together the different kinds of info distributed across various cortical sites
retrieving memories
inability to recall past events, most common, usually due to trauma
retrograde amnesia
inability to store NEW memories for later retrieval
can be intentional (drug-induced or alcohol)
anterograde amnesia
drug used pre-operatively such as triazolam affect GABA and can impair memory (drug-induced amnesia)
Benzodiazepines
Triazolam 0.25 mg was given 1 hour prior to dental surgery and what happened?
pain was significantly reduced and impaired recall of events but not extraction
Dissociation of immediate and long-term memory led to idea that hippocampus is important for ____ __ ______
consolidation of memory
impaired memory and mental abilities
progressive brain deterioration
impaired declarative memory
early stage of cognitive decline
Repeated questions
Tell story over and over
Forget words
Difficulty finding right word
Forget acquaintances and family members
later stages of cognitive decline
Exaggerated age-related memory loss due to degeneration of acetylcholinergic neurons in cerebral cortex & hippocampus
Alzheimer's disease
3 genetic factors related to AD
ApoE gene
amyloid precursor protein (APP)
presenilins
what does pittsburgh compound B do?
it blinds to the plaques and they will show up on a brain scan
