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needs anaylysis
- gathering information to find out how much the Ss already know and what they still need to learn
- Once the needs are identified, we can use them to make goals and objectives in the class
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goals
- general statements concerning desirable and attainable program purposes and aims based on perceived language and situational needs based on the needs analysis
- statements of the program's purposes
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objectives
- specific statements that describe the particular knowledge, behaviors, and/or skills that the learner will be expected to know or perform at the end of a course or program
- principle difference between goals and objectives is the level of specificity
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program evaluation
An ongoing process of collecting and analyzing relevant information to ensure that the program is effective and to improve it
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systematic curriculum development
the process of modifying the curriculum in response to needs identified during ongoing program evaluation
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target group
- people involved in the needs analysis about whom information will ultimately be gathered
- usually the students in the program
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audience
- people involved in the needs analysis and are required to act upon the analysis
- e.g. teachers, aides, program administrators, etc.
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discrepancy philosophy
- information gathered in the needs analysis
- needs are seen as differences or discrepancies between a desired performance from the Ss and what they are actually doing
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democratic philosophy
- information gathered in the needs analysis
- needs are defined as any changes that are desired by a majority of the group involved
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analytic philosophy
- information gathered in the needs analysis
- needs are whatever the Ss will naturally learn next based on what is known about them and the learning process involved
- whatever is next in the developmental sequence or "hierarchy of language development"
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diagnostic philosophy
- information gathered in the needs analysis
- needs are seen as anything that would be harmful if it was missing
- leads to the analysis of the language skills necessary in the TLU domain
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situation needs vs. language needs
- there needs to be a balance between the two
- situation needs: things impacting the program
- language needs: details about the circumstances in which the language will be used, students' reasons for studying the language, etc.
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objective needs vs. subjective needs
- objective needs: determined on the basis of clear-cut, observable data gathered about the situation, learners, the language they must eventually acquire, present ability levels, etc.
- subjective needs: wants, desires, and expectations
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