221 study guide

A “Baseline Human Needs Assessment” enhances the collection of assessment data by identifying the client’s unmet needs. Identification of these needs directs the focus of the dental hygiene diagnosis and care plan.
a. The first statement is false, the second is true.
b. Both statements are false
c. Both statements are true
d. The first statement is true, the second is false.

Which of the following supplemental self-care devices is indicated for type II and III embrasures, difficult to reach areas, or around fixed dental appliances?
a. Floss
b. Tufted floss
c. Tongue cleaner
d. End-tuft brush

Data collection procedures are
a. Determined by the clients conditions
b. The same for all clients
c. Treatment planned after client education
d. Performed during the evaluation phase of care.
e. Focused on solving the client’s identified problems.

To assess home plaque biofilm control, when is the best time to determine a client’s plaque index?
a. After questioning the patient on oral hygiene regime
b. After teaching oral hygiene techniques
c. At the end of the debridement procedures
d. At the beginning of the appointment

The primary barrier which can be directly removed through self-care education is which of the following?
a. Value judgements
b. Lack of knowledge
c. Time restrictions
d. Poor communication

During the implementation of care, all of the following statements are true except for one. Which statement is the exception?
a. A preventative knowledge base and rationale are provided to the client
b. The progress on education interventions is documented
c. The education plan is modified according to the progress demonstrated by the client.
d. The client demonstrates improved skills and dexterity with plaque biofilm control devices.
e. The sequence of preventative interventions is outlined.

Which of the following statement represent the use of small step size in self-care education?
a. No statement represents this teaching concept
b. Applying a new self-care technique to a segment of the oral cavity before applying it to the entire dentition.
c. Reviewing only one disease theory and one skill concept at a periodontal maintenance appointment
d. Discussing bacterial plaque biofilm at the first NSPT appointment
e. Providing the client with a small amount of knowledge about dental decay, perio disease, brushing, flossing, use of an interdental aid, and home fluoride use.

Flossing is not the device choice for many clients based on preference and assessment. Floss is effective when used daily by patients who have type II and III embrasures.
a. The first statement is true, the second is false.
b. The first statement is false, the second is true
c. Both statements are false
d. Both statements are true

An adolescent client who is very concerned with peer approval will most likely be motivated by strategies aimed at which level on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
a. Esteem and ego
b. Self-actualization
c. Social
d. Physiological

T
he gap between the desired performance and the actual performance in self-care is termed:
a. Skill discrepancy
b. Performance discrepancy
c. Management discrepancy
d. Knowledge discrepancy

Observing a client’s tooth brushing technique is an important part of client education because the clients demonstration of an acceptable method of tooth brushing insures improved oral hygiene.
a. The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.
c. Both the statemtent and reason are correct and related.
d. Neither the statement or the reason is correct.

Objectives of individual health instruction must be designed in accordance with each of the following except for one. Which one is the exception?
a. Cultural beliefs
b. Values of the dental health provider
c. Age and sex of the client
d. Values of the client
e. Available time and resources

A client with healthy gingiva exhibits 1-2 mm sulcus depths and a plaque-free dentition. These findings indicate that the client
a. Cleaned his teeth well before this appointment but may not clean his teeth on a regular basis.
b. Brushes and flosses at least twice a day.
c. No answers are correct.
d. Uses subgingival/sulcular brushing technique

Toothbrushing effectiveness is best measured by
a. Amount and location of plaque biofilm
b. Tootbrushing frequency
c. Caries experience
d. Condition of the toothbrush

Human needs theory explains that the need for fulfillment dominates human activity; therefore behavior is motivated by fulfillment of unmet human needs.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.

Maslows theory of human needs suggests that
a. Value form on the basis of previous behaviors
b. The outcome of an individual’s behavior is beyond the individuals control.
c. New behaviors will be easily adopted if they fit readily into their existing value system.
d. Inner forces or needs drive an individuals course of action

A client states, “I know plque causes gum disease. I have bleeding when I brush, but I do not have gum disease.” Identify what stage of the Learning Ladder Continuum this statement represents.
a. Awareness
b. Involvement
c. Unawareness
d. Self-interest

The phase of oral self-care education that is presented after the client assessment and treatment plan formulation, and before providing therapy is which of the following?
a. Closure of session
b. No answers are correct
c. Disease theory presentation
d. All answers are correct
e. Initiation of education

The first step in client education is to
a. Demonstrate toothbrushing technique
b. Establish rapport with the client
c. Discuss philosophy of prevention
d. Assess the client’s personality

To assist the client in the exploration of their needs, the clinician must possess the following characteristics:
a. Lead the conversation toward an outcome best suited for the dental office.
b. Listen and understand the emotions and feelings of the client
c. Share personal experiences with the client
d. Communicate effectively

Dentinal sensitivity may include which of the following?
a. All answers are correct
b. Chemical stimuli
c. Thermal stimuli
d. Mechanical stimuli

Referred pain is when the pt is positive which tooth is symptomatic; however it may actually be cuased by the tooth adjacent to it, or an opposing arch. T/F?
True False

The symptoms of a tooth with cracked tooth syndrome generally include a dull, lingering, throbbing sensation without apparent stimuli. A treatment intervention for a tooth with cracked tooth syndrome would likely be to place a crown.
a. Both statements are FASLE.
b. Both statements are TRUE.
c. The first statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
d. The first statement is FALSE, the second is TRUE.

A sharp dull sensation in response to cold or hot stimuli that lasts for more than 20 seconds in duration may be a symptom of
a. Periodontal abscess
b. Reversible pulpitis
c. Periapical abscess
d. Irreversible pulpitis

Which tooth would be inappropriate for vitalometer testing?
a. #24 no existing restoration
b. #30 MOD amalgam
c. #8 mesial incisal composite
d. #19 full gold crown

Using a mirror and indirect lighting to observe irregularities in tooth structure is an example of
a. Transilumination
b. Radiolucency
c. Radiopacity
d. Percussion

A disadvantage of the vitalamoter is that it relies on a non-physiological stimulus that does not relate to the chief complaint. T/F?
True False

Treatment of an avulsed tooth does not involve which of the following:
a. Place in milk, saline solution, or in the mouth between the cheek and gums.
b. Rinse
c. Scrub
d. Get to the dentist within 30 minutes

Caries symptoms can vary in stimuli to include temperature, sweet, or pressure stimuli. A radiograph is not needed for diagnosis of caries.
a. Both statements are TRUE.
b. The first statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
c. The first statement is FALSE, the second is TRUE.
d. The statements are FALSE.

Tapping a tooth (percussion test) will cause discomfort if the pulp tissue is inflamed. This diagnostic test is best performed with a “tooth slooth.”
a. Both statements are TRUE.
b. The first statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
c. Both statements are FALSE.
d. The first statement is FALSE, the second is TRUE.

A mandibular molar with a fractured mesial root may be treated successfully with a root canal. T/F?
True False

Using the vitalometer on a multi-rooted tooth may provide a false response if there is vitality in one root and not another. T/F?
True False

A “tooth slooth” can be effective in detecting
a. A periapical abscess
b. Dentinal hypersensitivity
c. A fractured cusp or cusps
d. Caries

The role of the hygienist during an emergency appointment is to perform all of the following functions except for one. Which one is the exception?
a. Provide emotional support to the pt
b. Assess information
c. Report findings to the dentist
d. Make a definitive diagnosis
e. Gather information

Treatment intervention for cracked tooth syndrome is likely
a. Application of desensitizing agents.
b. Extraction
c. Palliative treatment
d. Recommend desensitizing toothpaste and nutritional counseling
e. A full coverage crown

Advanced stages of periodontal disease are more commonly seen in people of 45 years and older because
a. Age is associated with causing the disease
b. The level of periodontal health in middle age is not a predictor of periodontal disease in later life
c. No answers are correct
d. Self care efforts become poor as people age

Tooth loss increases with age, but not because of age. T/F?
True False

Which of the following is true regarding the risk for caries in older adults?
a. Most caries seen in older adults are recurrent (around existing restorations)
b. Recent studies show that older adults have caries rates greater than the adult population
c. Caries rate slows as individuals age
d. Root caries rather than coronal caries are the primary problem in older adults

In an emergency situation involving an infant, which of the following is the artery of choice for checking the pulse rate?
a. Subclavian
b. Brachial
c. Carotid
d. Radial
e. Femoral

In addition to gestrures and sign language, adaptions necessary for older patients with hearing decline include which of the following?
a. Waiting room TV presentations for educations topics
b. Large print pamphlets
c. Increased volume in speech
d. Increased repetition in verbal and written communication

Which of the following preventative products is most appropriately recommended for an older patient with moderate risk for dental decay, especially root decay?
a. Sanguinarine
b. Essential oils mouthrinse
c. Oral irrigation with water
d. 1.1% stannous fluoride paste

A sudden loss of brain functioning resulting from an interference of blood supply ot the brain best describes
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Stroke
c. Ventricular septal defect
d. Myocardial infarction

Sublingual variscosities in the elderly can have direct relation to systemic conditions or be a precursor to oral cancer. T/F?
True False

Which of the following is a recommendation for patients with medication-induced xerostomia?
a. Increased intake of fluids, such as sports drinks and fruit juices
b. Use high dose 2.0% sodium fluoride gel
c. Reduce medication use to decrease dry mouth (xerostomia)
d. Use lemon candy to stimulate saliva

A patient exhibiting symptoms of hypoglycemia should be treated with any of the following EXCEPT for one. Which of the following is the EXCEPTION?
a. Concentrated glucose (icing)
b. Smarties
c. Orange juice
d. Diet soda

In an emergency situation involving an 8-year-old child, which of the following is the artery of choice for checking the pulse rate?
a. Carotid
b. Femoral
c. Radial
d. Brachial
e. Subclavian

Calcium should be taken to prevent the body from drawing on its mineral stores in the bone. Older adults family history of kidney stones should take xtra calcium.
a. The first statement is FALSE, the second is TRUE.
b. Both statements are TRUE
c. The first statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE.
d. Both statements are FALSE.

Which of the following precautions apply when operating an automated external defibrillator (AED)?
a. Do not use an AED on a victim lying in water
b. Do not touch the victim when defibrillating
c. Do not touch the victim when the AED is analyzing
d. All answers are correct

In the emergency treatment of angina pectoris, the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is
a. Analgesic action in the central nervous system
b. Reflex decrease in heart rate contractibility
c. Blocking beta adrenergic receptors
d. Relaxation of the cardiac muscle
e. Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

If a client experiences insulin shock, the primary course of action would be to
a. Monitor vital signs
b. Prevent injury
c. Administer glucocorticosteroids
d. Administer glucose
e. Administer oxygen

A fall in blood pressure could occur when a patient is experiencing ech of the following conditions which of the following is the EXCEPTION>
a. Syncope
b. Addison’s Disease
c. Allergic reaction
d. Anxiety
e. Shock

Effects of aging on the cardiovascular sstem include which of the following?
a. Arteriosclerosis, causing an increase in circulation to the tissues
b. Increased cardiac output due to decrease in heart size
c. Tendency toward decreased blood pressure
d. Postural hypotension, with dizziness or weakness when sitting up from recumbent position

Each of the following is often associated with syncope EXCEPT for one. Which of the following is the EXCEPTION?
a. Low blood pressure
b. Unconsciousness
c. Constricted pupils
d. Pallor
e. Nausea

What care should you give to a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough, speak, or breathe?
a. Lower the victim to the floor and open the airway
b. Sweep the throat to dislodge any foreign oject
c. Heimlich maneuver
d. Give 2 slow rescue breaths

Saliva plays an important role in proper function of the oral cavity for all of the following EXCEPT for one. Which of the following is the EXCEPTION?
a. Saliva can contribute to biofilm formation and caries
b. Saliva assists in speech and swallowing
c. Saliva facilitates the retention of oral appliances
d. Saliva lubricates the oral mucosa

If a pt can verbalize the use of an interdental aid, they will be able to perform the task. T/F?
True False

The case presentation is used to encourage collaborative treatment effort between the client and clinician? T/F?
True False

A message of five sentences or longer without allowing a response is considered cooperative communication between health care professional and a pt. T/F?
True False

If a pt is involved in the design of self-care practices the success rate is likely favorable. T/F?
True False

Concreteness is a clinical characteristic necessary to understand a client’s needs and implement change. T/F?
True False

Communication begins the minute the client steps into the dental treatment room. T/F?
True False

All of the following are examples of educational interventions with the exception of one. Which is the exception?
a. Application of fluoride varnish
b. Application of disclosing solution to identify the presence and amount of plaque
c. Providing the pt with literature on tobacco cessation
d. Introduction of interproximal brushes

Flossing is not the device of choice for many pts based on preference and assessment. Floss is effective when used daily by patients who have type II and III embrasures.
a. Both statemtents are True
b. Both statements are False
c. The first statement is True, the second is False
d. The first statement is False, the second is True

Motivational interviewing is a form of facilitative communication. T/F?
True False

Small step size refers to presenting disease theory and teaching skill enhancement incrementally. This implies that the clinician should only introduce one skill at a time.
a. Both statemtents are True
b. Both statements are False
c. The first statement is True, the second is False
d. The first statement is False, the second is True