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Ayurveda
the knowledge of life
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Prana
life energy coursing through the body
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Svastha
perfect health / established in the self
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Doshas
3 biological energies used in Ayurveda to determine constitution and imbalance
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Prajnaparadha
intellectual blasphemy/ failure of the intellect/ crimes against wisdom
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Parinama
transformation or decay due to time and motion
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Vata
dosha composed of air and ether
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Pitta
dosha composed of fire and water
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Kapha
dosha composed of water and earth Origins of Ayurveda from Caraka Samhita
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Brahma
the creator who is the originator of Ayurvedic knowledge who taught Daksa
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Prajapata
the father of Parvotti who married Lord Shiva who taught the knowledge to Indra, who taught the Asvini Kumars, who taught the Sage Bharadvaja, who taught Atreya, who taught Agnivesa
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Agnivesa
Student of Atreya who wrote the Agnivesa Tantra which became the Caraka
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Samhita
The Story of the Churning of the Oceans
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Amrit
the sacred nectar of immortality
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Lord Dhanvantari
the god of Ayurveda who emerged from the ocean of milk History and Ayurvedic Texts
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Ashtanga Hridayam
a classical text written between 500 � 700 A.D. by Vagbhatta, a Buddhist sage
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Vedas
the oldest writings in the world expounding knowledge of such subjects as grammar, phonetics, ritual etymology, and prosody (metrical verse).
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Four Vedas
Rig Veda, Artharva Veda, Yajur Veda, and Sama Veda.
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Brihat Treya
The three most important books in classical Ayurveda consisting of the Caraka Samhita, the Sushruta Samhita, and the Ashtanga Hridayam.
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Laghu Treya
The three secondary texts of classical Ayurveda consisting of the Ashtanga Samgraha, Madhava Nidanam, and the Sarangadhara Samhita.
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Caraka
The author of the Caraka Samhita, considered to be the most important text on Ayurveda, and an incarnation of Sesa, the king of serpents who supports the universe and who is versed in the Vedas and in Ayurveda.
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Sushruta
The author of the Sushruta Samhita, considered to be the second most important text in Ayurveda, which is well known for its expositions on surgery
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Vagbhata
The author of the Ashtanga Samgraha, which was written first and is simpler, and the Ashtanga Hridayam.
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Sankhya
A system of philosophy which lists 24 tattwas or principles upon which creation rests
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24 Tattwas
Prakriti, Mahat, Ahamkara, Pancha Maha Bhutus (five elements), Tanmatras (five root energies for sensory experience), Pancha Jnanedriyanis (five sense organs), Pancha Karmendryanis (five potential organs of action/motor experience), Manas (the limited mind projected by ahamkara)
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Pancha Maha Bhutus
five elements
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Tanmatra
five root energies for sensory experience
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Pancha Jnanedriyanis
five sense organs
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Pancha Karmendryanis
five potential organs of action/motor experience
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Manas
the limited mind projected by ahamkara
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Purusha
pure potential consciousness (unmanifest); the male energy of the universe
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Prakriti
pure potential for matter (unmanifest); the female energy of the universe
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Gunas
three basic qualities of nature, often used to evaluate the mind
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Rajas
action, or the quality of mind associated with distraction; corresponds to the god Vishnu
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Tamas
inertia, or the quality of mind associated with ignorance; corresponds to the god Shiva
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Sattva
clarity; corresponds to the god Brahma
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Mahat
cosmic laws that make up the intelligence of the universe
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Ahamkara
self-identity, the ego
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Manas
a limited mind projected by ahamkara
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Atman
the individual soul
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Brahman
the combination of unmanifested pure potential and pure consciousness that exists prior to creation
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Raja Yoga
the royal path of yoga outlined by the great sage Patanjali
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Karma Yoga
the process of subduing the ego through self-less service (seva)
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Bhakti Yoga
the process of surrendering the ego through the worship of a teacher as God (Sat Guru) or of God directly, through chanting devotional hymns and puja (devotional ceremonies)
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Jnana Yoga
the process of subduing the ego through the realization that all of creation is illusion through study, inquiry, and reflection.
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Patanjali
the author of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali which divide Raja Yoga into eight steps
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Vrittis
disturbances in the mind that lead to a distraction from our true nature as spirit Asamprajnata Samadhi
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Samadhi
the state of superconsciousness where the free soul is devoid of temptations and urges, including the urge to take actions that result in positive change
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The eight steps of Raja Yoga
yamas, niyamas, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, Samadhi
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Yamas
5 principles of practice. Ahimsa, satya, aprigraha, brahmacharya, asteya
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Brahmacharya
Nonsensuality
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Niyamas
5 devotions/observances. Saucha, santosh, tapas, swadya, iswarapranida
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Iswarapranida
Devotion to the journey
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Swadya
Self-study & scriptural study
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Asana
the physical body postures of yoga- Hatha Yoga
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Pranayama
proper breathing practices
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Pratyahara
withdrawal or mastery of the senses
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Dharana
focusing of the attention/concentration
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Dhyana
sustained concentration
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Samadhi
integrated consciousness
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Hatha Yoga Pradipika
a yogic text further expounding asana, pranayama, kriyas, bandhas, and mudras
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Kriyas
Purification techniques
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Bandhas
Muscle locks for directing prana
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Mudras
Use of hand positions to seal and stabilize the flow of prana
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Siddhis
eight traditional yogic mystical powers
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Nyaya
a system of philosophy that describes four methods (direct perception, inference, analogy, and testimony) for arriving at the truth
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Vaisheshika
a system of philosophy similar to Nyaya that organizes the world into nine dravyas (substances)
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Nine dravyas
earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, atman, and mind
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Mimamsa
a system of philosophy which is the origin of the idea of karma and describes how the way we live our lives and the choices we make affect our experience of pain or pleasure in the next life.
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Vedanta
the basis of Jnana Yoga which provides the tools to cut through the veil of illusion
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Moksha
liberation of the soul
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Aham Brahmasmi
I am Brahma, one of the Mahavakyas
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Tat Twam Asi
Thou art That, one of the Mahavakyas Karma
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Karma
the force that binds us to the cycle of birth and death when we take actions that serve the ego/ahamkara. The law of karma states that for every effect, there must be a cause.
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Samskaras
tendencies formed as a result of our past actions that affect our actions and beliefs in the present The Four Pursuits in Life
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Kama
the pursuit of pleasure and ecstasy
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Artha
the pursuit of that which is needed to support life
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Dharma
duty, right livelihood, or divine purpose
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Moksha
the pursuit of liberation of the soul from the cycle of life and death; the goal of our higher nature
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