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What are the two types of symptoms for schizophrenia?
active phase and residual phase symptoms
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What are schizoaffective disorders?
schizophrenia + bipolar disorder or depression
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Who was kraeplin?
- coined the term dementia praecox = premature madness
- described schizophrenia as a pattern of symptoms over time rather than a cluster of symptoms
- thought it was progressive and untreatable
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Who was Eugene Bleuler?
- coined the term schizophrenia
- didn’t think deterioration was inevitable
- for him, schizophrenia = splitting of the different psychic functions
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Unanticipated side effect of the term schizophrenia?
it is a term often confused with multiple personality disorder/dissociative identity disorder
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lifetime morbid risk for schizophrenia?
about 1%
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At what age is schizophrenia highest for men and women?
- men = 20-24 years
- women = 25-29 years
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Men vs women in schizophrenia
- men have an earlier onset and more severe course than women
- no sex difference
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What does psychosis mean?
a state of losing touch with reality
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psychotic symptoms include:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- formal thought disorder - disorganized thinking and speaking
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what is the schizophrenia spectrum?
- refers to the marginal conditions
- something short of a clear case of the disorder
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Bleuluer’s subtypes of schizophrenia
- paranoid (preoccupation with delusions or auditory hallucinations)
- catatonic (immobile, little motivation)
- undifferentiated (did not fall into either category but did not have mild form of illness)
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what are positive symptoms?
symptoms that are characterizes by something being added to normal behavior or experience
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what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
- hallucinations (false perceptions such as things seen or heard that are not real or present)
- delusions (false belief about reality maintained spite of strong evidence to the contrary) — delusions of grandeur, delusions of persecution
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what are negative symptoms?
symptoms that reflect an absence or deficit in normal functions
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what are 4 negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- blunted affect (reduction in the range of affective expression)
- flat affect (lack of emotional expression)
- alogia (poverty of speech)
- avolition (general lack of drive or motivation to pursue meaningful goals)
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instrumental relationships? how are they affected by schizophrenia?
- they are task oriented and goal-driven — work and service relationships, like asking for directions, purchasing things in a store, etc
- those with schizophrenia show significant impairment in their instrumental relationships — frequently unable to finish school, etc
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drift hypothesis for schizophrenia
the argument that illness causes one to have a downward shift in social class
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social causation thesis for schizophrenia
- the argument that being in a lower social class is a contributor to the development of a mental illness
- opposes the drift hypothesis
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Schizophrenia in men vs women?
- more benign for women
- women have later age of onset
- shorter and less frequent psychotic episodes
- women also show a better response to treatment
- milder range of interpersonal problems, better social functioning
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