HUM Midterm

Hammurabi was the sixth ruler of Babylon

In an effort to unite the regions politically and provide them with and effective leadership, he called for a systematic codification of existing legal practices. he sent out envoys to collect the local statutes & had them consolidated into a single body of law --> Hammurabi's code.

one of the first written laws. written law represents a landmark advance in the development of human rights in that it protected the individual from the capricious decisions of monarchs.

was a collection of 282 clauses engraved on a 7 foot high stele. although it restricted individual freedom, it safeguarded the basic values of the community. it covers a broad spectrum of moral, social, & commercial obligations. civil & criminal statutes specify penalties of murder, theft, incest, adultery, kidnapping, assault and battery etc.... most importantly it is a storehouse of info. concerning the nature of class division, family relations, & human rights.

Homer

Achilles

Odesias

Judaism, Christianity, & Islam.

Judaism, (also the first monotheistic religion)

lovers of wisdom

• 1. Socrates
• 2. Plato
• 3. Aristotle

Plato was Socrates pupil. He founded the first school of philosophy, The Academy. Was not concerned in finding the ultimate good. The Republic is one of his most famous works.

one of Plato's students. he argued that happiness is the goal to aspire to, not virtue. his concern: function with reason. He lacked faith in the individual to be "excellent" without the help from the gov't. he wrote the Politics and the Poetics.

opposed the views of the sophists. he was concerned about virtue and ethics. virtue=moral excellence. argued that an unexamined life is not worth living and thus one should seek knowledge because with knowledge comes wisdom. to know good is to do good. Virtue was the condition of the psyche (soul), which was he argued was a combination of moral and intellectual faculties of the individual.

• Plato 
• 2 central ?'s were
• "what is the meaning of justice?" & 
• "what is the nature of a just society"

the first Greek philosopher-scientists that lived prior to Socrates. they reasoned that there must be a single unifying substance that formed the basic "stuff" of nature.

A set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterizes an institution or organization.

cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture.

Culture: soccer.. Subculture: Orlando city

• Islam
• Muhammad took aspects from Judaism & Christianity and expanded upon those.

• poly-theism
• mythology
• magic
• myth 
• supernatural

Plato... wrote 2 dozen treatises, most of which were cast in the dialog or dialect format that Socrates had made famous. in almost all of his treaties are put into the mouth of Socrates.

• soil exhaustion 
• lead poisoning 
• malaria epidemic of the 3rd century

• combination of internal circumstances
• difficulties of governing such a huge empire
• decline of the slave trade
• increase gap b/wn rich & poor.
• during pax romana one-third to one-half of the population of Rome received some form of public welfare.

• it expanded on ancient Judaism
• rooted in greco-roman mystery cults & jewish traditions
• roman writer & artists theory of Hades became hell rituals
• baptism was considered cult tradition. 
• church controlled the empires administration.

The Iliad.. main character was Achilles

came from the Republic, which was written by Plato.

the study of classical languages & classical literature, the Latin and Greek classics as a field of study. literature, philosophy, art, etc. as distinguished from the natural sciences.

Donald Trump, because he said he would be a different president do to the fact that he would run America as a business.

• Rome was in the lapse of collapsing
• He stabilized the economy by lowering taxes, reducing debts, reformed & consolidated the laws, wages, and made non-Italian people citizens.
• he established a dictatorship.

• he established a dictatorship
• stabilized the economy by lowering taxes, wages and made non – Italian people citizens

Sappho

• society will never be he same because now no one would want go back to how life used to be for them 
• conflicts would occur which would then lead to wars

• oligarchy- political power controlled by a select group of individuals, i.e. Athens
• tyranny- ruler who gained control by any means necessary, i.e. King Darius
• monarchy-king with a divine right to rule, i.e. Macedonia

• no poets- if your to in your feelings you cannot be rational 
• 1. guardians "rulers" also were educators
• 2. auxiliaries "warriors"
• 3. producers "workers"
• &
• 1.rational (most important) requires most discipline
• 2.spiritual "in your feelings"
• 3.hungry "lust, mostly $" 

greatest good was justice

• Ultimate Good is the knowledge of which is the goal of teaching inquiry
• greatest good: justice

when he was over 70 years old, he was brought to trial for subversive behavior, impiety and atheism. the Athenian jury found him guilty by a narrow margin of votes & sentenced him to death by drinking hemlock, a poisonous herb.

• economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
• $.. makes you feel better/worse 
• always someone on top & someone at the bottom.

• Artemis- Goddess of hunting, wildlife, the moon 
• Zeus- Chief God, sky & air
• Hera- Chief Goddess, marriage
• Athena- Goddess of wisdom, & war
• Hades- God of the underworld

Herodotus

long poem, detailing a “hero’s” adventures or explaining a history of a nation

first epic was Epic of Gilgamesh

the belief on or worship of more than one god.. Greeks and Romans believing in numerous gods.

the doctrine or belief that there is only one god.

• the belief that every natural thing in the universe has a soul.. 
• my chair has a soul.. my pen has a soul.. my shoe has a soul.

(pre-Socratic) Greek’s FIRST philosopher.

Thales argued that water is the source and substance from which all things came from..The constant flux of water made Thales believe that water is primary source of the universe. saw that water was constantly changing its form yet remained a constant. (i.e. water of solid, to liquid, to a gas).

that the universe has no set permanence because it’s always changing, even if it isn’t evolving. Therefore, change was the base of reality. always argued that a Guiding Force permeated (diffused) nature. universe has no permanence, but rather, is in constant process of flux.

most famous of Greek physicians and so-called father of medicine.

invented the basis of medicine. He combined diet, environment and health to determine diseases.

• Aenid by Virgil
• and epic style poem
• Aeneas was the protagonist. 
• Virgil was a Roman poet
• Explains the role of fate but shows through Aeneas voyage that exploring or coming to terms with your fate does not mean that it will be comfortable

• Indoor plumbing
• concrete
• social classes
• gov't
• arches

• arches, 
• represented victories.

gov't