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Hearing process from pinna to brain
Pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea, cochlear nerve,
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Explain linear motion in terms of the structures of the ear
The otoliths in the vestibule manipulate gel in which are embedded hair cells that send signals to the vestibular nerve to vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
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Utricle and saccule sense which type of movement?
- Saccule: vertical
- Utricle: horizontal
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Explain the relationship between the ear and angular movement
Movement of hair cells in the endolymphatic duct of the semicircular canals provides information to the vestibular nerve
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path of sensory balance information to the brain
Otoliths, hair cells, Vestibular complex, vestibular nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, cerebellum & cerebral cortex
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path of sensory sound information to the brain
Pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, Cochlea, cochlear nerve, thalamus, auditory complex
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Treat otitis externa
2% acetic acid, corticosteroid, antibiotics
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treat otitis media
Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg per day, in two doses.
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If patient is allergic to first line treatment for otitis media
- Azithromycin 10 mg/kg on day one, then 5 mg/kg qid x 4 days
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- Bactrim 4/20 mg/kg q 12 hours
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Cerumen softener
Carbamide Peroxide
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Adverse effect of chloramphenicol
Aplastic anemia
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drugs that can increase IOP in OAG pts
Corticosteroids, anti cholinergic, succinylcholine
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Drugs that can induce closed angle glaucoma
Antidepressants, antihistamines, phenothiazines
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sympathomimetic eyedrop, example and side effect
Brimonidine, tachycardia
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Anticholinergic eyedrop, example and side effect
Pilocarpine, wheezing, GI upset
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indication and dosing for trifluridine
Herpes simplex, every two hours while awake until healed and then qid x 7 days
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Treat serous otitis media
Steroid burst and antibiotic
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Ménière disease
- Episodic vertigo with hearing loss, blowing tinnitus, unilateral aural fullness.
- Tx w/low salt diet and diuretic
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Mononucleosis vs tonsillitis
- Lymphocytes : WBC = 35%+
- Epstein barre
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Steps to take for retinal artery occlusion patient while waiting for retinologist
- Lay flat ,
- ocular massage,
- IV acetazolamide,
- high concentration O2
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ProphylaxisFor family members of pt with epiglottitis
rifampin
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