FundofNurse

abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs

small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

slow rate of breathing

those heard over the trachea; high in pitch and intensity, with expiration being longer than inspiration

medication that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

normal breath sounds heard over the upper anterior chest and intercoastal area

microscopic hairlike projections that propel mucous toward the upper airway so that it can be expectorated

fine crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilirium is established

for respiratory disorders, inhaled medication, breath activated (actuated by pt's inspiration, no need to coordinate the delivery of puffs with inhalation. Some must be loaded with med each time used & some hold preloaded number of doses. Disadvantage: med with clump if exposed to humidity.

difficult or labored breathing, most common symptom of hypoxia

with a laryngoscope as a guide this polyvinylchloride airway is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea to administer O2 by mechanical ventilator, to suction secretions easier, or to bypass upper airway obstruction. Orotracheal insertion prefered in an emergency.

pt w/ endotracheal tube who is receiving continuous mechanical ventilation, used to keep airway patent and reduce the risk of hypoxemia or infection. Catheter in plastic sleeve: can remain connected for up to 24hrs, caregiver has additional protection from exposure to pt's secretions

the passive phase, movement of air out of the lungs. Diaphragm rises and recoils to the resting position.

blood that developes in the pleural space that require a chest tube to drain these substances and allow the compressed lungs to reexpand.

increased rate and depth of ventilation. (stress)

decreased rate or depth of air movment into the lungs

insufficient oxygen in the blood, possible when suctioning that can irritate the mucosa and remove O2 from the repiratory tract. (hyperoxygenation before suctioning can help prevent)

inadequate amount of O2 available to the cells

the active phase, involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs. Diaphragm passes the abdominal organs downward and forward

delivers a controlled dose of medication with each compression of the canister. Pt must activate the device while continuing to inhale. Spacer or extender device may be necessary to aid delivery of medication by the inhalation route.

the most commonly used O2 delivery device, disposable plastic device w/two protruding prongs that are inserted into the nostrils, connected to O2 source w/ flowmeter and many times a humidifier, doesn't implede eating or speaking and used in the home

diperse fine particles of liquid medication into the deeper passages of the respiratory tract, where absorption occurs, treatment continues until medication in nebulizer cup has been inhaled.

the process: oxygenated capillary blood passes through the tissues of the body

fluid in the pleural space that require a chest tube to drain this substance and aloow the compressed lung to reexpand.

a continuous, dry grating sound. Caused by inflammation of pleural surfaces and loss of lubricating pleural fluid. Sound resembles that of two leather surfaces rubbing together.

air in the pleural space, requires a chest tube to drain and allow the compressed lung reeexpand.

refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs

SPO2, noninvasive technique that measures the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood. Monitor pt's receiving O2 therapy, titrating O2 therapy, those at risk of hypoxia and postop pt's.

gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the level of alveoli and blood in capillaries (alveoli-air sacs of the lungs)

an instrument that measures lung volumes and airflow by the pt inhaling deeply and exhaling forcefully into instrument

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

a detergent-like phospholipid, reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of the aveoli, preventing their collapse.

rapid breathing

procedure of puncturing the chest wall and aspirating pleural fluid, physician performs at bedside with nurse asst, consent req, to obtain a specimen for diagnostic purpose or to remove fluid that has accum in pleural cavity and causing respiratory difficulty and discomfort, sterile proc/asepsis required

a surgical artificial opening made into trachea, level of 2nd & 3rd cartilagnious ring. Tracheostomy tube (curved tube) inserted through the opening. Reasons: to replace endotracheal tube, provide mecahnical ventilation, bypass upper airway obstruction, to remove tracheobronchial secretions

normal breath sound low-pitched soft sounds heard over peripheral lung field

continuous, musical sounds, produced as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions, or tumors. Simbilant (high pitched and whistling) or sonorous wheezes (like a snore).