Sensory and perception

Permanent damage to auditory nerve

Irritates optic nerve

Alter perception of stimuli

• in brainstem
• mediates all sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex

T

• cognitive
• affective
• perceptual

boredom, restless, anxious

coorination, color, acuarcy, daydream

• physical
• visual aquity
• pupil function
• intraocular pressure

eyes ability to bend the light rays so that they fall on the retina

• when light does not focus properly
• major symptom is blurred vision

• myopia
• hyperopia
• presbyopia
• astigmitism

• nearsighted
• can see near

• farsighted
• can see far

farsighted from aging

uneven curvature of the cornea

vision that can not be fully corrected

impaired vision that can not be treated with contacts, glasses or meds

in people who are unable to read ordinary newsprint even with correction. may or may not be legally blind

20/200 or less in the better eye with correction or pereph field 20 degree or less

• trauma
• inflammation
• infection
• hordeolum
• chalazion
• blepharitis
• conjunctivitis
• keratitis
• corneal ulcer

• sty
• infection of seabacous gland in upper and lower lids
• small
• s. auerus
• painful
• warm/moist compress
• ACUTE

• chronic inflammatory granuloma
• upper lid
• compress, drain, steroid
• hard

• chronic bilateral inflammation
• crust
• entire eyelid
• antibiotic

• bacteria or virus
• pink eye (acute)
• allergens
• chlamydia

• over 60- annually
• 18-60- every 1-2 years

• inflammation or infection of corea
• bacterial
• viral(HSV)
• fungal
• parasitic

• -tissue loss caused by non treatment of infection of the cornea
• -bacteria, virus or fungi
• -aggressive treatment
• -can cause perm blindness

• cataract
• retinopathy
• macular degeneration

• an opaicity of the lens
• in 1 or both eyes
• blurry or cloudy vision
• gradual
• "white pupil"

• process of microvasculaar damage to the retina
• "diabetes"

• separation of the lens from the back part of the eye
• -floaters or light flashes, cobwebs
• -surgical
• -loss of central and periphrial vision

• -most common irreversible central vision loss in ppl over 60
• -two forms: dry and wet

dry: more common, close vision tasks are difficult

wet: more severe, AMD related blindness, rapid onset vision loss.

• blurred or darken vision
• scotomas(blind spots)
• metamorphosia(distortion)
• ophthalmoscopy
• meds and therapy

group of disorers charecturized by increased IOP and the consequences of elevated pressure, optic atrophy and peripheral vision loss

place where outflow occurs

• -most common
• -outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in trab meshwork
• -drainage channels are clogged
• -slow, gradual periph loss
• -w/o symptoms
• untreated= tunnel vision

• -lens bulging forward
• - pupil dialation
• -drug induced
• - acute, pain
• -halos, blurr, redness
• -rainbows
• -sudden
• -cental vision reduced

provides magnified view of the retina and optic nerve head

ex: retina detatchment, glaucoma

• -use of goniolens with sit lamp to view angle between the eyes cornea and iris
• - used to determine open or close angle

• dertermine intraocular pressure
• glaucoma

• infamation or infection of the epithelium of auricle and ear canal
• -swimmer ear
• -otalgia(ear pain) is first sign
• -otoscopic exam

• otitis media
• otosclerosis

• infection of tympanum, ossicle and space of middle ear
• -colds, allergy trap bacteria
• -inflammation pushes on TM
• -normally in children
• -pain, fever, malaise, reduced hearing
• -antibiotics, surgery, tubes

• hereditary 
• -most common cause of hearing loss in young adults
• - ear cant amplify sound
• -spongy bone growth prevents stapes from moving
• -bilateral
• -otoscope exam
• -microdrill, laser, prosthesis

• acute
• inflammation of labrinths
• sx: vertigo, n/v, nystagmus, tinnits

• -excesive endolymph accumulation in labrynth
• chronic
• -cause unknown
• -onset by triggers
• -attacks several times a year, unpredictable

fullness, severe vertigo, muff hearing, drop attatcks

conditions in the outter or middle ear that impair the transmission of sound through air to the inner ear

cause: otitis media w/ enfusion

sx: cant hear faint sounds, hear better in noisy enviornment

• -damage to cochlea or vestiobuccular nerve
• -reduced ability to hear faint or high pitched sounds, when heard, unclear or muff.

• -hearing loss associated with aging
• - cause unknown
• -gradual, progressive
• -inability to hear high freq
• -can be sensory, neural, metabolic, cochlear