-
everything contained within plasma membrane except the nucleus
cytoplasm
-
the fluid component of the cytoplasm
cytosol
-
organs of the cell
organelles
-
insoluble functional units within the cell
organelles
-
large multi-subunit proteins
nonmembranous organelles
-
nonmembranous organelles include:
cytoskeleton, microvilli, cilia, centrioles, proteasomes, ribosomes
-
membranous organelles include:
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
-
________ _________ are surrounded by phospholipid membranes similar to the cell membrane
Membranous Organelles
-
structure made of insoluble proteins
cytoskeleton
-
3 types of cytoskeleton
microfilaments, intermediate filament, microtubules
-
made of actin subunits, only 1 type of protein
microfilaments
-
anchor the cytoskeleton to proteins of the plasma membrane
microfilament
-
made of various proteins
intermediate filaments
-
forms microvilli
microfilament
-
form cilia and centrioles
microtubules
-
made of tubulin subunits
microtubules
-
extensions of the plasma membrane filled with microfilaments
microvilli
-
finger like extensions found digestive tract (small intestines)
microvilli
-
extensions of the cell membrane filled with microtubules
cilia
-
very graceful movements like waves
cilia
-
found in the respiratory lining, uterine tubes and male reproductive tract
cilia
-
made of short microtubules
centrioles
-
direct the movements of DNA during cell division
centrioles
-
only function is to help make a copy of itself
centrioles
-
hollow tubes of protein containing proteases (protein digesting enzymes)
proteasomes
-
made of large and small protein subunits and ribosomal rRNA
ribosomes
-
function is to assemble amino acids into proteins
ribosomes
-
functions is to break down proteins
proteasomes
-
all about converting RNA into proteins
Ribosomes
-
found in the ctyosol
free ribosomes
-
found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum of cells
fixed ribosomes
-
series of flattened hollow membranous tubes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
-
spaces inside the tubes are called the
cisternae (singular cisterna)
-
wen ribosomes are attached
rough endoplasmic reticulum
-
has no ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
the _______ of RER and SER are interconnected with one another and are connected to the nucleus
cisternae
-
works with fixed ribosomes to make proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum RER
-
-
-
-
removal of drugs and and toxins from liver/kidney cells
SER function
-
strorage and release of Ca² from muscle cells
SER function
-
synthesis and storage of glycogen of liver/muscle cells (stored energy)
SER function
-
small membrane bound vesicles used to move molecules from one part of a cell to another
transport vesicles
-
used to move proteins and lipids between ER, Golgi and cell membrane
transport vesicles
-
stack of membranous sacks
Golgi apparatus
-
modifies and packages proteins and lipids to be sent to the correct region of the cell
Golgi apparatus
-
Golgi organizes lipids and proteins to form ________
lysosomes
-
Golgi organizes lipids and proteins to form ___________ for the plasma membrane
new lipids
-
Golgi organizes lipids and proteins to form _________ for secretions to be discharged from the cell
secretory vesicles
-
small vesicles filled with digestive enzymes
lysosomes
-
they clean up and recycle inside the cell in 3 ways
lysosomes
-
3 ways lysosomes clean inside of cells
1. digest damaged organelles, 2.digest solids and liquids brought into the cell through endocytosis 3.lysosomes burst and destroy damaged or abnormal cells called autolysis
-
carry enzymes that neutralize toxins
peroxisomes
-
very common in liver cells
peroxisomes
-
site of most ATP synthesis in the body
mitochondria
-
mitochondria make ATP through the breakdown of glucose in a process called
aerobic cellular respiration
-
only function is to create ATP
mitochondria
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