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Leukocytes from most to least common
- Neutrophils (Never)
- Lymphocytes (Let)
- Monocytes (Monkeys)
- Eosinophils (Eat)
- Basophils (Bananas)
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Agranulocytes-
lymphocyte & monocyte (lack cytoplasmic granules)
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Granulocytes-
Neutrophil, Basophil, & Eosinophil (contain granules for chemical defense)
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Leukocytes- General Function
Defense and Immunity
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Neutrophil normal range
3000-7000 cells/mm³ blood
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Lymphocyte normal range
1500-3000 cells/mm³ blood
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Monocyte normal range
100-700 cells/mm³ blood
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Eosinophil normal range
100-400 cells/mm³ blood
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Basophil normal range
20-90 cells/mm³ blood
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Platelets (thrombocytes) normal range
150,000-400,000 cells/mm³ blood
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Neutrophil function:
During an acute infection, phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi followed by enzymatic destruction
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Lymphocyte T-cell function:
Attack viruses & tumors
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Lymphocyte B-cell function:
When stimulated by bacteria or toxins, they differentiate into plasma cells. These plasma cells then produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies
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Monocyte function:
Phagocytosis:Differentiate into macrophages in tissues for phagocytosis (injects and removes debris such as bacteria pathogens from the body)
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Eosinophil functions:
- Attack parasitic worms
- Play a complex role in allergy and asthma
- Lessens the severity of allergic reactions
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Basophil functions:
- Releases histamine and other mediators of inflammation
- Contains Heparin (blood thinner)
- Increases allergic reactions
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Largest Leukocyte:
Monocyte
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Not true cells –formed from the breakup of large cells called Megakaryocytes
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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Platelets (thrombocytes) functions:
- Seal small openings in blood vessels
- Instrumental in blood clotting. When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding
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- Cell A: Erythrocyte
- Cell B: Platelet(Thrombocyte)
- Cell C: Leukocyte(Monocyte)
- Cell D: Leukocyte(Neutrophil)
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Complete Blood Count (CBC) includes:
- Total & Differential WBC count
- Red blood cell (RBC) count
- Hematocrit (HCT, packed cell volume, PCV)
- Hemoglobin (Hgb)
- Red blood cell indices.
- mean corpuscular volume (MCV),
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH),
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
- Platelet (thrombocyte) count
- Mean platelet volume (MPV)
- a blood smear test
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WBC count normal range:
4800-10,800 WBC/mm³ blood
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RBC count normal range:
- Males = 5.1-5.8 million cells/mm3
- Females = 4.3-5.2 million cells/mm3
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Hematocrit (HCT) calculation:
Divide the height of the erythrocytes by the total height of the blood in the tube and multiply by 100.
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Hematocrit (HCT) normal range:
- males- 42-52%
- females- 37-47%
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Hemoglobin (HGB) normal range:
- Male 13-18 g/dl
- Female 12-16 g/dl
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Mean corpuscular (RBC) volume (MCV) (definition)
Average volume of erythrocytesin a specimen, elevated or decreased in accordance with average erythrocytesize;
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Mean corpuscular (RBC) volume (MCV) normal range:
Adult~80-96 femtoliters(fl) / RBC
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A group of disorders characterized by changes in the structure of hemoglobin, can also cause a low MCH level.
Hemoglobinopathy
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (definition)
the amount of hemoglobin in an average erythrocyte.
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (calculation)
Calculated by multiplying the total amount of hemoglobin by .001 and dividing that number by the total number of red blood cells/.001.
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Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin normal range-
between 26 and 33 picogramsof hemoglobin per red blood cell
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