DHE132 LECTURE 3 quiz#2

directly into the cavity preparation

• Composite resin
• Glass ionomer cement
• Resin-modified glass ionomer cement-Hybrid ionomer
• Compomer

• Lingual/Occlusal
• 

• Posterior interproximal
• 

• Anterior interproximal 
• 

• Anterior Incisal edge
• 

• Cervical/gum line
• 

• Cusp
• 

• Restorative material is tooth colored: may be in various shades or one universal shade.
• Some build-up materials come in colors like blue or gray.
• Material is usually a putty like consistency
• can be flowable

• Esthetics……looks great!
• Acid etching and bonding agents improve retention
• Less tooth structure is removed when making cavity preparation than with amalgam…..sometimes small enough to not need anesthetic
• More thermal insulation than with amalgam
• Less microleakage due to bonding
• No mercury

material packed (condensed) directly into a prepared cavity while in a plastic or putty-like consistency.

tooth colored to match, pleasing to the eye.

Returning the tooth to original condition and function.

• 1.Unfilled Acrylic Resins
• 2.Composite Resins  Most commonly used
• 3.Silicate (Porcelain)
• 4.Glass Ionomers
• 5.Compomers  (hybrid of two dental materials: dental composites and glass ionomer cement and Fl2)

• need to be stored away from heat and away from light
• the refrigerator is best.

• “Filled” = Macrofilled / Microfilled / Nanocomposites
• Improvements: Filler particle size has decreased
• # of filler particles has increased
• Therefore shrinkage upon polymerization has decreased

• “Unfilled” = PF Sealants
• Flowable
• Low-viscosity
• Lightly filled
• ** materials that are lightly filled shrink more when polymerized, wear more readily, and are weaker

• are the first generation of composite resin material.
• They are conventional composites containing the largest of the filler particles.
• Provide greater strength but have a duller, rougher surface, and they absorb stains more easily.
• 

• were developed to overcome the problems that arose with the larger particle size.
• They contain much smaller particles, which makes them weaker; however, they polish to a glossy finish and do not absorb stain as easily. 

• contain both large fillers and microfine fillers.
• They can be easily polished, have greater strength than the microfilled composites, and have a high wear resistance.
• Microhybrids use even smaller particles and contain a combination of small particles and microfine particles.
• 
• Nanohybrids are microhybrids with nanosized particles added. The ability to add increased numbers of filler particles reduces the amount of resin, and they shrink less when polymerized.

Universal composites

• have filler particles that are about a thousand times smaller than conventional fillers.
• They have excellent polishability, wear resistance, and maintain their luster long-term.  

• Not used any more for restorations
• Expansion and Contraction = Recurrent decay
• Powder is called polymer
• Liquid is monomer
• Polymerization or Curing

• *most commonly used*
• Bulk-Fill [mixture of two or more materials]
• Available in two consistencies:Flowable and Viscous nanohybrids
• Joined together by a silane coupling agent
• Do NOT use liners/base with eugenol

oil extracted from cloves. (Most people associate smell with a dental office).

• Restorative material for class III, IV, and V restorations (anterior fillings)
• Restorations in class I and II cavities (posterior)
• ‘Direct veneers’ (not as long lasting as indirect porcelain veneers)

• Highly viscous microhybrids
• High volume of filler particles
• Posterior teeth restoration
• The high volume of filler particles gives this material a stiff consistency.
• ▪Packable = no longer popular but are still available on the market.

• replace missing tooth structure
• bonded to tooth structure
• minimize bacterial leakage
• increase retention
• Heavily filled composites
• Can be:Light-cured, Self-cured,Dual-cured
• Cementation

• Biocompatibility
• Strength
• Wear
• Polymerization shrinkage
• Degree of conversion
• Thermal conductivity
• Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
• Elastic modulus
• Water sorption
• Radiopacity

Most of the composites used today are similar in compressive strength

Composites wear faster than amalgams

matrix, when cured, usually shrinks away from the cavity walls. Curing in small increments (1 to 2 mm) decreases shrinkage

close to natural tooth structure

is greater=undergo a greater change resulting in debonding and leakage

The greater the resin content, the more water is absorbed. Water softens the resin matrix, which gradually degrades the material.

The greater the volume of the filler, the stiffer (higher elastic modulus) and more wear resistant the restoration.

Metals such as lithium, barium, or strontium are added to the filler to make the restoration more opaque

• Color tabs used in shade selection
• Natural light source
• Drying out of teeth (desiccation)
• Mixing shades
• Shades should be selected while the teeth are wet

• Mixture of two or more materials
• Tooth-colored restorative materials
• Composition:
•    Organic resin matrix
•    Inorganic filler particles:▪glass, quartz, silica, and ceramic
•    Silane coupling agent = adheres the particles to the matrix
•    Initiators and accelerators =cause the material to set
•    Pigments
• Resins are thick liquids made up of two or more types of organic molecules called oligomers
• Filler particles added to:
•    produce strength
•    reduce shrinkage

• bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate) *most common
• UDMA (Urethane Dimethacrylate)

• Reacts with the inorganic filler and organic matrix to:
•    Allow the two to adhere to each other=Good adhesion
•    Has low viscosity (flows easily) and can wet the etched tooth
• Purpose is to improve retention
• Self-cured or Light-cured
• Surface is tacky, don’t wipe it off
• Supplied with the composite kit
• Applied AFTER acid etching

• Short curing times
• Inadequate light output
• Wrong wavelength of light
• Incorrectly positioned light guide

Light-cured composite resins must receive the correct amount of radiant energy at the right exposure time and the right wavelength in order for them to polymerize correctly.

• Used in moderately sized or large cavity preparations
• Placed in small increments(no larger than 2 mm thick)
• Minimizes polymerization shrinkage
• Permits adequate curing(light might not penetrate if increments are too thick)

• Shelf life (2 to 3 years ) / refrigerator  / covered in a light-protected container
• Dispensing and cross-contamination

• Clean tooth with non-fluoride and oil free paste
• Isolate area to avoid contamination from water, saliva, or blood
• No oil in air syringe
• Do NOT use cavity liners with Eugenol….inhibits polymerization

• Small fractures in a composite can be repaired
• Repair of a new composite is optimum
• New composite repairs better than old composite:
•    New composites have a like chemical union
• Finishing and polishing
• Surface sealers:
•    unfilled resins
•    reseal margins that might have opened
•    by polymerization shrinkage happens to fill small voids

• Laboratory-processed composites
• Materials for indirect composites:
•    Conventional composite
•    Fiber-reinforced composite
•    Particle-reinforced composite
• Indirect chairside technique:
•    CAD/CAM technology
• replica (die) or form of a digital impression

• Use for cervically (Cl. V) eroded areas
• Fluoride releasing
• Chemically bonds with tooth
• Packaging:
•    Hand-mixed powder and liquid
•    Encapsulated powder and liquid
•    Two-paste systems
• Sensitive to moisture uptake or loss during the first 24 hours of placement
• Not wear resistant watch polishing

• For cementation of metal restorations and direct bonding of ortho brackets       
• for class III and V restorations:
•    as a liner and for dentin bonding;  post and     core and build-ups

• Chemically bonds to tooth (chemical adhesion)
• May have fluoride in the powder (anticariogenic)
• Can be placed in moist environments.

• Hybrid of two dental materials: dental composites and glass ionomer cement
• Improved physical properties
• Dual cure materials
• Stronger than regular glass ionomers
• Easier to polish
• More wear resistant
• Fluoride release

• Improved esthetics
• Increased wear resistance
• Improved polishability
• Fluoride release
• Nanoparticle technology has been applied to the hybrid glass ionomer cements to improve their physical properties

• Are composite resins that have been modified with polyacid:
•    The good qualities of the composite have been married with the fluoride release of the glass ionomer
• Fluoride release
• Light-activation chemicals included

• New hybrid restorative materials
• Fluoride release at a slower and lower release than glass ionomers
• Can be recharged with fluoride toothpaste or mouth rinse to act as a fluoride reservoir
• Packaged as single paste syringes or flowables