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Gingiva in Health:
- Healthy tissue is free of inflammation and has not been altered by disease or trauma.
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Color in Healthy gingiva:
- Tissue appears uniformly pink: Blondes with a light complexion have a lighter shade of pink, Brunettes with darker complexion have a darker shade of pink.
- Pink gingiva is easily distinguished from darker alveolar mucosa.
- Tissue may also be pigmented.
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Contours of Healthy Gingiva:
- Smoothly scalloped gingival margin
- Tapered margin slightly coronal to the CEJ
- Pointed papillae that completely fill the space between the teeth
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Tissue Stippling in Health:
- Stippling varies greatly from individual to individual, and in some patients, healthy tissue may not exhibit a stippled appearance.
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The Position of the Margin in Health is?
- The margin is at or slightly coronal to the CEJ.
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- Healthy Gingiva in Posterior Sextants
- Tissue has gently scalloped margin
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Gingiva in Disease
- Plaque biofilm at the gingival margin stimulates the host immune response.
- Inflammatory response to bacteria results in clinical changes. Changes involve free and attached gingiva and papilla.
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Acute gingivitis:
short duration; resolves upon professional and good self-care
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Chronic gingivitis—
may exist for years without ever progressing to periodontitis; resolves upon professional and good self-care
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Color in Gingivitis of Acute gingivitis is?
increased blood flow causes tissue to appear bright red
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Color in Gingivitis of Chronic gingivitis tissue appears?
bluish red or purplish red
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Slight Marginal Redness—Early Gingivitis
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Slight Marginal and Papillary Redness
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Fiery Red Marginal Gingiva and Papillae
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Size in Gingivitis:
- Increased tissue fluid enlarges marginal and interproximal gingival tissue.
- It can be localized to a few areas or involve the whole mouth.
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Appearance of tissue?
- Soft, Spongy Tissue
- localized diffused with marginal redness
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Local Factors in gingivitis? example
Bulbous papilla
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Inflammation causes
- the gingival tissues to bleed easily.
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- Inflammation results in ulceration of the pocket wall. Bleeding is an important indicator of inflammation
- stillman cleft
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Localized inflammation
- confined to tissue of a single tooth or group of teeth
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Diffuse Inflammation
- Whole area is inflamed
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Generalized inflammation—
- occurring in all or most of the mouth
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Papillary Inflammation
is confined to the papilla
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Marginal Inflammation
is confined to the gingival margin and papilla.
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Diffuse Inflammation
is throughout the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva; extending to the mucogingival junction.
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Description of healthy Gingival Tissues
- the gingiva is a uniform pink color, with tapered margins, pointed papilla, and a firm consistency.
- Healthy tissue does not bleed.
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Description of tissue in gingivitis?
the gingiva is red to purplish red, with rolled margins, altered papillae, and a spongy consistency.
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