-
water has high ______
Reactivity
-
When water is involved in bond making it is called
- dehydration synthesis
- (condensation reaction)
-
-
a uniform mixture of two or more substances
solution
-
the ability of a substance to dispense in a solvent is
Solubility
-
a _____ consists of a solvent, or medium, in which atoms, ions, or molecules of another substance called a solute are individually dispersed
solution
-
_____ is the most common solvent in out bodies
water
-
water is a good solvent because it is a
polar molecule
-
Polar compounds _______ in water
dissolve
-
Ions undergo ______ or ________ in water
ionization / dissociation
-
water molecules form ________ around ions and other polar molecules to keep them in solution
hydration spheres
-
charged molecules, ions and polar molecules are _______ compounds that WILL dispense easily in water
hydrophilic
- hydro=water
- philos= loving
-
uncharged molecules and non polar molecules are compounds that WILL NOT dispense easily in water
-
A solute that add hydrogen ions to a solution and is know is a proton donor is
Acid
-
A solution that removes hydrogen ions from a solution and is the proton acceptor is
Base
-
solutions with a pH equal to 7.0
equal H+ and OH-
Neutral
-
pH lower than 7.0
High H+ concentration
Acidic
-
PH higher than 7.0 is ____
- basic (alkaline)
- Low H+ concentration
-
as pH goes _____ H+ goes _____
down / up
-
pH of human blood normally ranges from _____to ____?
7.35 to 7.45
-
If pH is too low it a physiological state call
acidosis
-
If pH is too high it produces a physiological state called
alkalosis
-
a solute that dissociates into cations and anions other than H+ and OH-
salt
many salts like NaCl do not directly change pH and are considered neutral compounds
-
The pH scale has an _____ relationship with H+ concentration
inverse
-
More H+ ions means _______ pH
lower
-
Fewer H+ ions means _______ pH
higher
-
Dissociate completely in solutions
Have a large impact on H+ concentration
Strong acids and bases
-
Strong acids ______ pH a lot
Strong bases ______p H a lot
-
Do not dissociate completely in solution
Hava a small impact on H+ concentration
Weak acids and bases
-
weak acids _____ ph a little
weak bases _____ ph a little
-
compounds that stabilize the pH
buffers
-
The primary buffer in blood is
sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
-
elements that are covalently bonded
contain H, C and usually O
functional groups that determine chemistry
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
organic molecules
-
one carbon ring
monosaccharides
-
glucose and fructose are
monosaccharides
-
two carbon rings
Disaccharides
-
sucrose lactose and maltose
Disaccharides
-
more than two carbon rings
polysaccharides
-
glycogen is a _______
polysaccharide
-
Two becomes ones is ________
catabolism
*think catastrophe
-
primary role is to serve as energy source for the body
carbs
-
________ releases the energy from covalent bonds found in carbs
Catabolism
-
Note:
carbs contain carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio
can be 3:6:3 4:8:4 5:10:5 etc
-
two ________ can covalently bind through dehydration synthesis.
monosaccharides
-
when two monosaccharides bind this creates a single _________ and a molecule of water
disaccharide
-
chemical energy stored
Endergonic
-
a molecule of water can split a single ________ into two _________ through hydrolysis
disaccharide / monosaccharides
-
chemical energy is released
Exergonic
-
The polysaccharide _________ is an important sours of stored energy
glycogen
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