AP Ch 2

water has high ______

When water is involved in bond making it is called

Bond breaking

a uniform mixture of two or more substances

the ability of a substance to dispense in a solvent is

a _____ consists of a solvent, or medium, in which atoms, ions, or molecules of another substance called a solute are individually dispersed

_____ is the most common solvent in out bodies

water is a good solvent because it is a

Polar compounds _______ in water

Ions undergo ______ or ________ in water

water molecules form ________ around ions and other polar molecules to keep them in solution

charged molecules, ions and polar molecules are _______ compounds that WILL dispense easily in water

uncharged molecules and non polar molecules are compounds that WILL NOT dispense easily in water

A solute that add hydrogen ions to a solution and is know is a proton donor is

A solution that removes hydrogen ions from a solution and is the proton acceptor is

solutions with a pH equal to 7.0 
equal H+ and OH-

pH lower than 7.0
High H+ concentration

PH higher than 7.0 is ____

as pH goes _____ H+ goes _____

pH of human blood normally ranges from _____to ____?

If pH is too low it a physiological state call

If pH is too high it produces a physiological state called

a solute that dissociates into cations and anions other than H+ and OH-

The pH scale has an _____ relationship with H+ concentration

More H+ ions means _______ pH

Fewer H+ ions means _______ pH

Dissociate completely in solutions 
Have a large impact on H+ concentration

Strong acids ______ pH a lot 
Strong bases ______p H a lot

Do not dissociate completely in solution 
Hava a small impact on H+ concentration

weak acids _____ ph a little 
weak bases _____ ph a little

compounds that stabilize the pH

The primary buffer in blood is

elements that are covalently bonded

contain H, C and usually O

functional groups that determine chemistry 

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

one carbon ring

glucose and fructose are

two carbon rings

sucrose lactose and maltose

more than two carbon rings

glycogen is a _______

Two becomes ones is ________

primary role is to serve as energy source for the body

________ releases the energy from covalent bonds found in carbs

Note:

carbs contain carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio

can be 3:6:3 4:8:4 5:10:5 etc

two ________ can covalently bind through dehydration synthesis.

when two monosaccharides bind this creates a single _________ and a molecule of water

chemical energy stored

a molecule of water can split a single ________ into two _________ through hydrolysis

chemical energy is released

The polysaccharide _________ is an important sours of stored energy