-
_______ resulting materials coming out of a reaction
Products
-
______ starting material ex: atoms, ions, molecule
Reactants
-
The symbol of an element indicates one atom of that element.
H...O...
-
A single plus sign indicates a __________ with a charge of +1
cation
-
Synthesis Reaction: bonds are ______
formed
-
A single minus sign indicates an _______ with a charge of -1
Anion
-
Reversible Reaction: bonds are ______ OR _______ depending on the direction of the reaction
broken,formed
-
serous fluids of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum are ________________
water based
-
water is an important ______________ in the body because it reduces friction
lubricant
-
________ ability to make hydrogen bonds between its molecules
water
-
has the ability to absorb a great deal of heat
water
-
________ has a high heat capacity
water
-
ion concentrations are carefully regulated by the ________, __________, and __________ systems
digestive, urinary, skeletal
-
__________ can seriously disturb vital body functions
electrolyte imbalance
-
_________ soluble inorganic substances whos ions will conduct an electric current in solution
electrolytes
-
hydrophobic includes ________ molecules
uncharged
-
hydrophilic includes ______ molecules
charged
-
-
-
-
______________ compounds will not disperse in water
hydrophobic
-
_________ compounds will disperse in water
hydrophilic
-
many molecules are classified as _________ or __________ based
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
-
also form around an organic molecule containing polar covalent bonds.
hydration spheres
-
oxygen forms polar covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms.
water molecule
-
water molecules form ___________ around ions and other polar molecules to keep them in solution
hydration spheres
-
polar compounds ________ in water
dissolve
-
ions undergo ________ in water
ionization
-
water is a good solvent because it is a ________
polar molecule
-
________ is the most common solvent in our bodies
water
-
describes the ability of a substance to disperse in a solvent
solubility
-
A ________ is a uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
solution
-
water is important in _________
solubility
-
when water is involved in bond-breaking, it is called ________
hydrolysis
-
when water is involved in bond-making, it is called ________
dehydration synthesis
-
water has high ________
reactivity
-
carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, inorganic acids/bases/salts
inorganic compounds
-
molecules NOT BASED on carbon and hydrogen
inorganic compounds
-
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
organic compounds
-
molecules based on carbon and hydrogen
organic compounds
-
_______ and _________ can be classified as either organic or inorganic
nutrients and metabolites
-
_________ are molecules that can be made or broken down in the body through metabolism
metabolites
-
_________ are essential elements and molecules that are normally obtained from food
nutrients
-
metabolism deals primarily with ________ and matabolites
nutrients
-
__________ provides raw materials for anabolism
catabolism
-
_______ reactions are usually reversible
metabolism
-
energy is stored
endergonic
-
bonds are created
synthesis
-
__________ is when small molecules are just put together into larger ones
Anabolism
-
energy is released
exergonic
-
bonds are broken
decomposition
-
__________ is when large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
catabolism
-
describes the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism
metabolism
-
enzyme only
catalyst made of protein
-
all ______ cant start without help
cells
-
__________ is the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started
Activation energy
-
bond-forming reactions are ___________
endergonic
-
-
-
chemical reactions that store energy
endergonic reactions
-
bond-breaking reactions are __________
exergonic
-
-
-
chemical reactions that release energy
exergonic reactions
-
all ________ are catalysts, not all _______ are enzymes
enzymes, catalysts
-
catalyst made of protein is called
enzyme
-
comes in many varieties including acids, metals, nanoparticles etc
catalyst
-
a substance that lowers the activation energy of reactions
catalyst
-
energy CAN only be transferred from one form to another
First Law of Thermodynamics
-
energy can NOT be created or destroyed
First Law of Thermodynamics
-
potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds
chemical energy
-
stored energy
potential energy
-
energy in motion
kinectic energy
-
-
defined as the movement of an object or a change in the physical structure of matter
work
-
AB+CD→A+B+C+D→AD+CB OR AB+CD→AD+CB
exchange reaction
-
A+B↔AB or AB+CD↔AC+BD
reversible reactions
-
AB→A+B
decomposition reaction
-
A numerical subscript following the symbol of an element indicates the number of atoms of that element in a molecule
H²...O²...H²O...
-
A+B→AB
Synthesis reaction
-
Exchange reaction: bonds are _______ AND ________
broken,formed
-
Decomposition Reaction: bonds are _______
broken
-
A number BEFORE the symbol of an element indicates more than 1 atom of that element.
2H...2O
-
In a ____________ new bonds are formed and/or existing bonds are broken
Chemical Reaction
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